中考英语阅读理解回答问题解题技巧讲解

1、考点分析

中考D篇阅读难度偏低，但仍有许多学生在相关题型上大面积扣分，很大一部分原因是“答非所问”。根据考纲要求，中考英语D篇阅读分值为：1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 （12分）。 想要尽可能多得分，必须注意答题细节。

§答题的基本步骤

1. 先看问题，再读文章：把握主题，确定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，高效省时。

2. 细读全文，认真推敲：细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词。

3. 复读全文，验证答案：在找到答案后，应将答案带入问题中，检查有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。

§注意事项

1. 答题有据，避免主观。

2. 符合原文的答案 ＝ 正确答案 ≠ 最佳答案

3. 解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己方法或，实践出真知，多练出效益。

2、专题详解

★回答问题SECTION 解题秘籍★

1. 顺序原则，注意使用。

在确定前一道题的答案以后，在文中标注出来。做下一题的时候，继续往下找，能有效控制答题时间，并提高正确率。

2. 答题之前，圈关键词（Key Words）。

I.  大写、数字、引号优先原则

II. 5Wh 疑问词必须圈划（who, what, when, why, where, how）

例如：

1. Jake lost one of his skis after he fell over when skiing, didn’t he?

2. When did his parents realized that Jake was missing?

3. What did Jake do to protect himself from the cold temperatures?

4. How did Jake get down the mountain the next morning?

5. How long did it take Jake return to safety after he lost his ski?

6. What do you think of Jake? Give at least one reason.

3. 注意时态一致，代词一致。

例如：（1）Jake lost one of his skis after he fell over when skiing, didn’t he?

（回答用一般过去时，代词用he）

When did his parents realized that Jake was missing?

（回答用一般过去时，代词用they）

What do you think of Jake? Give at least one reason.

（回答用一般过去时，省略I think，代词用he）

（2）Did … mean?  回答：It meant …

4.  Why 提问，回答格式2种：

I.  Because + 句子 II.  …… + to do………   (这里to do 表目的)  

例如：

92. Why did Redmayne say that this Oscar belonged to all of those people around the world battling ALS ?

回答：Because he acted as Stephen Hawking in the film and Hawking was diagnosed with ALS.

5.  Where和When 提问，介词in / on / at 等不能遗漏。

例如：

91. Where will the orphan bears be sent when they are old enough?

回答：They will be taken to a nature reserve in Bryansk.

很多人只交代了“in Bryansk”，没有提到自然保护区。所以在回答的时要确保答句尽可能的完整。

例如：

When did his parents realized that Jake was missing?    

回答：When they got to the foot of the mountain.

注意：询问时间和地点，答案有时候可能是时间/地点状语从句。

6.  How 提问，用By doing…来回答

例如：

How did Jake get down the mountain the next morning?    

回答：By following some ski tracks.

也可以使用完整句式回答：He followed some ski tracks. / He found some ski tracks and followed those.

7.  反义和选择疑问句策略：圈划关键定位词

I 反义疑问句：

★如知道：Yes, they do. ★如不知：No, they don’t. 只有这两种回答方式！！！

例如：

Jake lost one of his skis after he fell over when skiing, didn’t he?

回答：Yes, he did.

如果变换一下题目，改为：Jake didn’t lose one of his skis after he fell over when skiing, did he?

答案依旧是：Yes, he did.

II 选择疑问句：

例如：

Does a good detective need much knowledge or a good assistant?

四种回答方式：I  A good detective needs

Both  / neither  / much knowledge  /a good assistant.

8.   开放问题，积极向上

规律：一般而言直接找一个积极向上的形容词回答，避免用good。

I . What do you think of...?

回答格式：I think (that) it is / they are+ adj.

可以是helpful, useful, wonderful, amazing, fantastic 等一些正方向评价词

注意：有时也有负方向评价词：比如：你对于sandstorm 的看法？

可以是I think it is serious / terrible / awful / dangerous.

II. What can you learn from Paul’s story?

回答格式：I can learn from Paul’s story that +句子

III.  两个问题务必分两句回答

例如：Do you think the problem of climate change is serious? What should you do?

回答格式：Yes, I do.  I should plant more trees.

IV.  给文章取名字

例如：What might be the title of this passage? (In no more than TEN words)

回答：Internet Addiction. / Learn to control Internet use.

9. 真题讲解：

Teenager Jake Denham was skiing with his family in the USA when he fell over and lost one of his skis（滑雪板）. His family didn’t know that he had a problem. They kept on skiing. When they got to the foot of the mountain, there was no sign of Jake, which made them very worried.

Jake couldn’t find his ski anywhere. In the end, he decided to take off his other ski and walk down the mountain. But he couldn’t work out the right way to go.

It was now getting dark and he was a long way from any place of safety. He knew that he might die that night in the cold temperatures. But Jake kept calm. At home, Jake watched a lot of TV programmes about living in difficult situations. He remembered the tips from these programmes and knew that he should build a hole in the snow. He made a hole and pointed it up the hill so the wind couldn’t blow into it. Outside his hole, the temperature dropped to a dangerous -15℃ that night, but inside it Jake was safe from the cold.

But he had to get down the mountain. The TV programmes always said, “If you are lost, you should find someone else’s tracks（足迹）through the snow and follow them.” “I wanted to live my life,” remembers Jake. “So I got up and found some ski tracks and I followed those.” He walked and walked and finally he saw lights. Nine hours after he lost his ski, he found a team of workers who came to save him. He was safe!

His mum was very happy when she heard the news. Amazingly, Jake didn’t even have to go to hospital. He got through the terrible experience without any injury.

88. Jake lost one of his skis after he fell over when skiing, didn’t he?

89. When did his parents realized that Jake was missing?

90. What did Jake do to protect himself from the cold temperatures?

91. How did Jake get down the mountain the next morning?

92. How long did it take Jake return to safety after he lost his ski?

93. What do you think of Jake? Give at least one reason.

文中划线部分为88-92题对应习题的答案出处，分析一下易错点：

1. 88题为“反义疑问句”，分值1分。句式“前肯后否”，可当作一般疑问句（Did Jake lost one of his skis after he fell over when skiing?）回答，大部分学生都能答出Yes, he did.

难度升级，可将原题变为Jake didn’t lose one of his skis after he fell over when skiing, did he? 注意：反义疑问句根据“事实”回答，与提问方式无关，所以答案依旧是Yes, he did.

2. 89题为“特殊疑问句，询问时间”，分值2分。从原文能看出回答应用时间状语从句“连接词+从句”。学生习惯于“带着问题找答案”，所以会去原文查找“Jake was missing”，错过了答案。阅读理解是在理解的基础上进行作答，所以一般不会直接找到答案，而是通过“同义句”的方式给答案蒙上面纱。

“there was no sign of Jake, which made them very worried”= “Jake was missing”,所以答案是When they got to the foot of the mountain.

3. 90题为“特殊疑问句，询问行为措施”，分值2分。同样，原文中找不到“protect himself from the cold temperatures”，理解文章得知Jake平时看的电视节目有教会他一些防寒措施：做一个冰屋。继续往后文多读几行，很容易发现答案He made a hole in the snow and pointed it up the hill.

4. 91题为“特殊疑问句，询问方式”,分值2分。原文是“So I got up and found some ski tracks and I followed those”，回答的时候要注意人称变化，所以答案是He found some ski tracks and followed those. 或者使用简略回答By following some tracks.

5. 92题为“特殊疑问句，询问多久”，分值2分。答案很容易在原文中找到，简略回答用Nine hours.用完整的句式回答，注意谓语动词用一般过去时It took him nine hours to return to safety.

6. 93题为“特殊疑问句，开放性回答”，分值3分。描述Jake的品格特征，根据文意可以选择积极向上的正面形容词，如clever, smart, intelligent, calm, brave等，但必须给出相应的理由。参考答案Because he could use what he learned on TV in emergency. 或 Because he still succeeded in solving the problem although he faced a difficult situation.

练习

D篇阅读，根据不同文体分类训练：

故事类

It was 3:21 a.m. when ten-year-old Glenn Creamer was woken up by the smell of burning. Except for the cracking（爆裂声）of flames somewhere below, there was not a sound in the two-floor house. But he realized at once what was happening.

As his father was away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his other, his 14-year-old sister Karen and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped them through the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, couldn’t move any more.

The ten-year-old raced back into the house and upstairs into his mother’s room. He found it impossible to wake her up and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy kept calm. As a fireman said later, “He acted with all the self-control of a trained adult.”

On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father. After Glenn made sure his father would telephone the firemen and ambulance service, he got on with the task of saving his mother.

First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. In this way, she would be kept away from the fire before the firemen arrived. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden.

He could hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where fire had almost covered the ground floor?

Fetching a ball of string（绳）from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and rushed upstairs to his mother’s room. He tied one end of the string to her hand. Then he began to run back. He laid out the string as he went through the hall and back out into the garden.

Minutes later he was telling fire Chief John Coughlan, “The string _______________________________.” Mrs. Creamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor.

88. Did Glenn realize there was a fire when he woke up?

89. Where were Karen and Todd when Glenn tried to save their mother?

90. Who telephoned the firemen and ambulance service?

91. How did Glenn help his mother stay safe before the firemen arrived?

92. Why did Glenn think it would be difficult for the firemen to find his mother?

93. Complete the sentence in the last paragraph according to the context（上下文）?

人物传记类

Lauren Singer has produced almost no waste in the past two years, providing that a rubbish-free lifestyle possible.

Lauren studied environmental science at NYU (New York University), and it was during her student years that she began working towards “zero-waste” goals. Today she has learned to make all of her own everyday eco-friendly products, such as toothpaste, shampoo kitchen cleaner and so on. She also set up her own company “The Simply Co” , through which she sells her homemade products.

Lauren regularly writes about her experiences of a zero waste life on her blog. Lauren admits that the past two years haven’t been easy. “I stopped buying packaged products and began bringing my own bags and jars to fill with products at the supermarket,” she explained.

“I stopped buying new clothes and stopped for only second-hand things. I said no to things like straws（吸管）in my drinks at bars, to plastic or paper at stores.”

Even though the journey has been hard, Lauren’s zero-waste life has been well worth the effort. Lauren says that she now saves a lot of money because she is prepared when she goes shopping and does not buy things that she won’t use at all. She also eats healthy food because she buys fresh organic fruits and vegetables instead of packaged foods.

The 23-year-old girl has become a role model to many. She’s giving talks in schools and colleges, and also having more and more interviews about her zero-waste lifestyle on TV and the radio worldwide.

88. Laurie has lived a rubbish free life for two years so far, hasn't she?

89. When did Lauren begin working towards a “zero-waste” goal?

90. What kind of things has Lauren learned to make by herself?

91. How was Lauren's zero waste life in the past two years?

92. What did Lauren do in order to reach a "zero waste" goal? (List at least two things)

93. What do you think makes Lauren decide to live a life like that? And why does her success cause so much attention?

名词介绍类

Antarctica（南极洲）is the fifth-largest continent on Earth. It is also the coldest, windiest, driest and highest continent. It is an ice-covered place where no large plants grow, and no land animals live there.

Antarctica covers an area of more than 13.6 million square kilometres. It is nearly twice the size of Australia, or one-and-a-half times the size of the United States of America.

Antarctica does not belong to one country, and it has no government. People visit Antarctica --- usually as tourists, or to do scientific research --- but no one lives there all the time.

Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. It is not certain who first saw Antarctica, but sailors began to map Antarctica’s coast from their ships in the 1800s. The first confirmed（证实）landing was in the mid-1890s.

Over the next few years, several men tried but failed to reach the South Pole in 1911. By then, countries around the world were becoming more and more interested in the frozen continent, and soon several nations: Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom, had laid claim to parts of Antarctica.

As so many nations had made a claim to territory in Antarctica, it was clear that fighting might break out. Diplomats（外交官）from different countries wanted to stop a war from starting, so they began talking about a treaty for Antarctica. A treaty is a written agreement signed by two or more nations.

Several countries had already set up research stations in Antarctica where scientists could live and work. Most scientists worked during the summer months when it was not as cold as in winter. Scientists hoped a treaty would allow them to continue their work and to exchange information with scientists from other countries.

88. Antarctica is the largest continent on Earth, isn’t it?

89. How big is Antarctica?

90. Who first saw Antarctica?

91. How many nations had laid claim to parts of Antarctica?

92. Why did diplomats from different countries begin talking about a treaty for Antarctica?

93. Would you like to work in Antarctica in the future? Why? (Give 2 --- 3 reasons)

强化练习

（一）

A boy has been injured in a traffic accident. His leg is badly damaged. In the emergency Room of Shanghai No.6 People’s Hospital, the doctors work so hard to save the leg. The boy cries out in pain. There is blood on the bed and on the gloved hands of the doctors. The room is full of tension. In the end, the doctors manage to save the young boy’s leg. This is real life, real drama and ……real TV!

Since its first show last December, The story in ER（急诊室故事）has become popular with audience and pointed to a new direction in reality TV. We have already got used reality shows such as The Voice of China（中国好声音）and Dad, Where Are We Going（爸爸去哪儿）. These shows only want to amuse people. Audience may think them interesting and funny while watching. But The story in ER takes us deeper into the lives of others.

Reality TV had its begging in Europe in the early 1990s. Since then, hundreds of reality shows have appeared around the globe --- there are 176 on British television, alone! These shows are not real documentaries（纪录片）, but focus on personal dramas  and difficulties controlled by the producers to catch more people’s eyes.

The story in ER, however, is really real --- real pain, real suffering, and real situations. No need for controlling here! Some audience may feel uncomfortable, but we can’t help watching, because it’s human nature to be attracted by the ups and downs of the lives of other human beings. Also, we learn things by watching others. The Story in ER gives us a chance to go behind the scenes and see how hospitals work and how hard the medical staff work. It allows us to imagine how we might react in similar stressful situations. It also lets us appreciate how lucky we are.

88. Do the doctors save the boy’s leg successfully in The Story in ER?

89. How do audience like Dad, where are we going according to the passage?

90. Where did reality shows start?

91. Who makes reality shows more attractive according to the writer?

92. Why does The Story in ER need no controlling?

93. Is The Story in ER a good choice for a TV station? Give your reason.

（二）

I, Robot 2: humans vs. robots!

Here is a piece of good news for I, Robot fans: Robot 2 may soon meet the public!

I, Robot, the science fiction action film released in 2004, was such a hot movie that it grossed（收入总计） $347 million for a worldwide total.

The story is between humans and robots. In 2035, robots serve humans under three laws:

1. A robot may not injure a human being;

2. A robot must obey orders given by human beings.

3. A robot must protect itself as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.

However, with the development of technology, the robots start to have their own thinking. Instead of obeying the orders as they are programmed, they want to protect themselves and rule human beings. A battle between humans and robots is inevitable（不可避免的）.

Do you believe that one day computers may be cleverer than human brains? Are you afraid that robots invented by humans can surpass humans and conquer the world? Let's find the answers in I, Robot 2.

88. What kind of film is I, Robot?

89. What does the story mainly tell us?

90. How do robots serve humans?

91. In what case must robots protect themselves?

92. What happens to the robots with the development of the technology?

93. Are you looking forward to seeing the film I, Robot 2? Why?

（三）

Which Chinese city do you think people live a very happy life? Well, Chengdu is at the top of 2015 rankings（排名）for China’s Happiest Cities released by Xinhua News Agency and the China Association of Mayors. This is the second year in a row that the capital city of Sichuan is chosen.

So what has made Chengdu such a happy place to live? As People’s Daily said, “Part of the reason is the leisurely and slow-paced（慢节奏的）lifestyle that many people in Chengdu live.”

To find the pleasures of Chengdu lifestyle, the first thing you should try is the food. Chengdu cooking style is famous for the use of Sichuanese peppercorn（花椒）and hot chillies（辣椒）. “Nothing is more important to Chengdu people than food,” said Du Li, a professor at the Sichuan Higher Institute of Cuisine. “They love to find small restaurants in out-of -the-way places that have great tastes.” There are around 40,000 restaurants in Chengdu, the highest density（密度）of restaurants of any city in the world.

Another important part of Chengdu life is the teahouses. Found everywhere in the city, the teahouses are much more than just a place to drink tea. Teahouses are places to do business, meet with friends, show off pet birds, listen to Chuanju (Sichuan opera), and most importantly, play mahjong（麻将）. As a local saying goes, “If you cannot find someone, he or she is playing mahjong, or on their way to play mahjong.”

88. How many times has Chengdu been at the top of the rankings for China’s Happiest Cities?

89. What are the pleasures of the Chengdu lifestyle?

90. How do people make their dishes more famous and special in Chengdu?

91. What kind of restaurant attracts Chengdu people most?

92. People go to the teahouses found everywhere in the city only for enjoying tea, don’t they?

93. Why is Chengdu chosen to be a China’s happiest city again? What other necessary factors（要素）do you think a happiest city has?

参考答案

真题答案

88. Yes, he did.

89. When they got to the foot of the mountain.

90. He built a hole in the snow. / He made a hole in the snow and pointed it up the hill.

91. By following some ski tracks. / He followed some ski tracks. / He found some ski tracks and followed those.

92. It took him nine hours to return to safety. / Nine hours.

93. He was clever / smart / intelligent because he could use what he learned on TV in emergency. / He was calm / brave because he still succeeded in solving the problem although he faced a difficult situation.

练习答案

88. Yes, (he did).

89. In the garden.

90. Glenn’s father/Mr. Creamer.

91. (He helped his mother stay safe by) throwing water over her and her bed.

92. Because the house was filled with smoke.

93. (The string)will lead you to mother/can help you find mother.

88. Yes, she has.

89. When she studied at NYU. / When she was a student at NYU. / It was during her student years that she began working towards a “zero-waste” goal.

90. She has learned to make all of her own everyday eco-friendly products. (such as toothpaste, shampoo, kitchen cleaner and so on.)

91. It was difficult. / It wasn’t easy.

92. She has learned to make all of her own everyday eco-friendly products, such as toothpaste, shampoo, kitchen cleaner and so on.

She stopped to buying packaged products and began bringing her own bags and jars to fill with products at the supermarket.

She stopped buying new clothes and stopped for only second-hand things.

She said no to things like straws in her cocktails at bars, to plastic or paper bags at stores.

She also eats healthy food because she buys fresh organic fruits and vegetables instead of packaged foods.

93. She probably wants to do something to protect the environment. She probably wants to prove to people that a rubbish-free lifestyle is possible. There are people around who have also realized the importance of protecting the environment and intend to do things they can to the environment and what Lauren did and is doing has inspired them. That’s why her success cause so much attention.

88. No, it isn’t.

89. It is more than 13.6 million square kilometers./It covers an area of 13.6 million square kilometers.

90. It is not certain. / No one knows.

91. Seven. / Seven nations.

92. Because they wanted to stop a war from starting.

93. Yes, I would because I want to.

强化练习答案

88. Yes, they do.

89. Audience may think them interesting and funny while watching.

90. Reality TV had its beginning in Europe in the early 1990s.

91. The producers.

92. Because it is real and cannot be controlled.

93. Yes, it is. It’s human nature to be attracted by the ups and downs of the lives of other human beings.

88. The science fiction action film.

89. It mainly tells us the story between human and robots.

90. Under three laws.

91. A robot must protect itself as long as protection does not conflict with the first or second law.

92. They start to have their own thinking.

93. Any reasonable answers

88. Twice / Two times / Two.

89. Food and the teahouses.

90. By using / adding Sichuanese peppercorn and hot chillies. / people cook dishes with Sichuanese peppercorn and hot chillies.

91. Small restaurants in out-of-the-way places that have great tastes. / Small restaurants.

92. No, they don’t.

93. (1) Because of the leisurely and slow-paced lifestyle. / Because it has a leisurely and slow-paced lifestyle. / Part of the reason is the leisurely and slow-paced lifestyle.

(2) The city should be much cleaner and safer. / The city should have its own culture and customs. / It should have less cars and pollution. (Any reasonable answers)

中考英语阅读理解回答问题解题技巧讲解