英语阅读理解（一）解题方法和技巧

阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？今天，带大家一起来看下！

中考阅读理解考查主要内容

1考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力

此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：   

(1) Which is the best title of the passage? 

(2) Which of the following is this passage about? 

(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_____. 

(4) The passage tells us that______.

(5) This passage mainly talks about_______. 

2考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力

考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：

(1) Which of the following is right? 

(2) Which of the following is not mentioned?

(3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage? 

(4) Choose the right order of this passage.

(5) From this passage we know ________.

3考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力

此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是： 

(1) The word “  ” in the passage probably means ________. 

(2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _. 

(3) In this story the underlined word “   ”means _______. 

(4) Here “it” means________.

4考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解

此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：

(1) Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ________. 

(2) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____. 

(3) Why did the writer get off the train two stops before Vienna station? 

5考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力

此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：

(1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.

(2) We can infer from the text that _______. 

(3) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very _____  to know something about American social customs. 

(4) From the story we can guess ______.

(5) What would be happy if …?

6考查推断作者意图和态度的能力

其主要提问方式是：

(1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?

(2) The writer writes this text to ______.

(3) The writer believes that ______.

(4) The writer suggests that ______. 

中考阅读理解解题思路1读问题，找要点先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。

2看全文，知全貌

快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。

3细读原文，捕捉相关信息词细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：  

1． 抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。  

2．抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。  

3． 注意领会文章的寓意。  

4．根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。

4重读全文，核对答案

重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。

中考阅读理解解题方法和技巧

1如何获取段落的主旨和大意

最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落 或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种。

主题句在段首或篇首主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文， 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。

例 题

2003年陕西省英语中考试题阅读材料B的第一段： 

     All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。 Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears  

59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for  this passage?

A. Animals   B. Plants   C. Food Chains   D. Living Things 

评析：找出主题句即第一句。这个句子概括了本段的中心意思，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其它的生物”。后面讲述了大量的事实，“大部分动物必须成群的生活，甚至一种植物也要和其它同类的植物靠在一起生长。有时一种生物杀死另一种生物，一种生物吃另一种生物，而另一种生物被吃”。在列举了大量的事实之后，作者指出：如果这些食物链中的一个链环消失，所有的食物都会断掉。所有这些事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。 根据主题句的意思，我们可以很容易判断。

主题句在段末或篇末

用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。

例 题

2002年陕西省中考试题阅读材料A的最后一段： 

If you buy some well-made clothes, you  can save money because they can last longer.  They look good even after they have been  washed many times. Sometimes some clothes  cost more money, but it does not mean that  they are always better made, or they always  fit better. In other words, some less expensive  

clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes. 

评析：这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。

无主题句

有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。

例 题

2004年江西省中考试题阅读理解A: 

    Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make  more honey（蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with  some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didn’t want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside. 

     Scientists could not control（控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.  

Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid  for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings can kill a person. 

    Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.

在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读理解题：

59. The best title of the passage is ____________.    

A. How to make more honey     B. Killer bees 

C. A foolish scientist           D. How to feed killer bees 

评析：这篇短文就没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？按照上面的说明，我们可以得出 每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killer bees”的产生。 第二段讲的是“killer bees” 的急剧增加。 第三段讲的是人们害怕“killer bees”的原因。 第四段讲的是“killer bees”已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是 围绕“killer bees”这一中心展开的。换句话说，“killer bees”就是这篇文章的主题。

2如何根据上下文猜测词义

猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读理解试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文(context),正如英语辞典所解释的，其作用就是帮助确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。

猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：

1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。

2）运用语法知识进行语法分析。

3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。

例 题

甘肃省2002年中考英语试题阅读材料B:  

    A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag.” It is the same as “to tell a secret”….  Now when someone lets out (泄漏)a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”      

短文后面有一个理解题目：John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________. 

A. makes everyone know a secret    

B. the woman bout a cat    

C. buys a cat in the bag    

D. sells the cat in the bag 

评析：在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”.

例 题

2004年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读材料 

     As they go around town, the police help people.  

Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children  home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.    

文章后面有这样一道题： 

53. In the text, “put an end to” means “_________” 

A. stop   B. cut  C. kill  D. fly 

评析： 根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人 在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察 的职责。

3如何确定细节和事实

在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。这些题目有两个共同特点：

（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。

（2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。

例 题

2003年陕西省中考英语试题阅读理解题第48小题： 

What do plants make food from? They make food  from _______. 

A. sunlight, water and things in the soil and air 

B. water, sunlight and things in the soil

C. water and things in the soil and air

D. water, sunlight and things in the soil

评析：这一小题考查的就是文章的细节和事实。这一细节和事实的表述在文章中可以直接找到： 

Plants are “factories”. They make food from sunlight, water and things in the soil and air. 

4如何进行推断

所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息， 推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分， 从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是 词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题很多，包括的面也很大。 其类型主要有以下几种

事实推断

这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。

例 题

2002年南京市中考英语试题阅读理解第14小题  

According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?

A. You often play football with your friends after school. 

B. Your teacher has got a cold. 

C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t  been caught. 

D. The bike in front of your house is lost.    

在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字： 

Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual.People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.  

评析： 根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事硬是有趣的和不平常的。

逻辑推断

这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供 的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言来推断出人物的 态度或感觉。

对作者的意图和态度的推断

这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样 的态度做出推断， 如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

初中英语阅读理解一般有以下五种题型，在答题时注意

以下 3 点，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以顺利做好：

1. 选择符合文章的选项；

2. 判断正误；

3. 根据文章内容回答问题。

一、主旨题

主旨题可分为文章主旨和段落主旨两种，该类题型在历年题型中出现的频率极高，每年必出。它考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力，要求考生通过对文章的阅读，迅速把握文章或段落的主题中心。命题模式

如下：

1. 文章主旨题

①What is the main idea of this passage？

②This passage is mainly about？

2. 段落主旨题

①What does the first （second，third，） paragraph mainly discuss？

②From the first (2nd, 3rd, 4th，etc) paragraph，we can learn that___.

3. 主旨题的特点

无论是在段落中还是在文章中，是明显还是隐蔽，主旨的提出主要有四种情况：

①首段或首句开门见山指出中心或讨论的问题。

②文章中间或段落中间给出中心。

③文章末段或段落末句对全文或全段进行总结归纳，得出中心思想。

④文章或段落中不明确给出中心，考生要根据各段中心或各句的内容进行总结，自己推出主旨。

二、作者观点题和态度题

在一篇文章中，不管作者对某一观点是支持、反对还是中立，是同情、冷漠还是失望，是批评还是赞扬，主观还是客观，都表达了作者一定的观点和态度。只是这些

观点态度的提出有的直截了当，有的隐含在字里行间，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现，有的则需要通读全文，把握主旨才能领会。

一般情况下，所选的文章不带有强烈的感情色彩，因此不会引起太大的争议和分歧。此类题型可细分为作者态度题（表明作者的好恶）和作者观点题（表明作者对某事物的观点）。题干中的关键词或词组有attitude，opinion，tone等，其命题模式如下：

1. 作者态度题

①What is the tone (mood) of the passage？

②From the text we can see that the writer

seems___？ . ③The author's main thought is that___.

④Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author？

2. 作者观点题

①what does the writer think of___？

②According to the author, ___.

③In the author's opinion, ___.

④What is the author's opinion (idea) about ___?

⑤The author thinks (believes, suggests) that___.

⑥In the author's eyes___.

三、词义 / 句意题

命制的试题中经常有要求考生对词语和句子做出解释的题目。两者都主要侧重于考查考生通过上下文去判断词义、句意的能力。词义题的考查有两种：一是超纲词含义的推断，另一个是熟词僻义或是在特定场合的意思，其命题模式如下：

1. what does the underlined word “___” mean？

2. The underlined phrase (word, sentence) “___” most probably means___？

3. The phrase (word, sentence) suggests___.

4. From the passage, we can infer that the word “___” is___.

5. According to passage, what is “___”？

6. When the author says that ___, he means___.

四、推理引申题

推理引申题主要测试考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力，要求考生领悟所读材料中句子之间的逻辑关系，并且根据材料提供的已知信息进行分析、归纳和推理。判断推理能力对深刻理解一篇文章十分重要，特别是理解作者字里行间的言外之意、作者的观点、写作意图和态度。

此类试题通常要求考生对文章或段落进行深层推理和理解，不可能把试题的答案非常直接地暴露于选项中。因此考生应该注意把它与事实细节题区别开来，推理引申题必须以事实为依据，但是得出的结果又绝对不是事实本身，即不能“就事论事”。推理引申题对一些基础比较薄弱的考生而言是一个难点，考生似乎对文章读懂了，然而在解题时却始终不知如何下手，试题也做得不好。这是考生没有领会命题专家设置推理引申试题的用意的缘故。事实上推理引申题考查的不仅是考生对字面意义的理解，更要求考生透过文章的字里行间去推测作者未明说而又意欲表达的含义。

解此类题，考生应该根据文中的材料进行有关的判断、推理和引申。常见命题模式如下：

1. It can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence that___？

2. We can infer that___？

3. The author suggests in the passage that___？

4. From the passage /the third paragraph/the last sentence/the example that we can draw the

conclusion that___？

引申推理题按照解题思路主要可以分为暗指题、推理题和结论题。暗指题的特点是要求读者体味“言外之意”，信息只能从字里行间获得。对于这类试题，考生首先要分清是明述还是暗指，即言内还是言外；其次，要尽最大可能与命题者达成“共识”，因为命题人事先确定

的答案不允许考生的认识有任何偏差；最后，要对文章中的有关事实和观点进行分析和研究，按照事实发展的逻辑次序，总结出合情合理的结论。

五、事实细节题

在阅读理解测试中，很大比例的题目是考细节的。事实上在对历年试题的分析中发现，事实细节题的比例占一半以上。文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题特别是论证段落的大意而使用的具体信息。因为就议论文和说明文而言，作者在阐明准备论述的问题或观点后

，通常会用大量具体的事实细节去说明或支持它们。这些细节可以是理由、例子、数字，也可以采用下定义、作比较、对比、打比方等方法去组织。根据具体考查的内容或范围，事实细节题可以再细分为因果细节题、态度细节题、观点细节题、类比细节题、综合细节题和具

体细节题，常见的命题模式：

1. According to the passage/the author, who (what, where, which, when, why, how, etc)？

2. Which of the following is true/correct/ false/not included？

3. All of the following are (not) true, are (not) mentioned except___？

4. We learn from the last paragraph (the first paragraph, the text) that___？

典型例题分析

1根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。

Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. "Through the hole（洞）

in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot,"

said Mr Brown.In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次）.

Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In

fact, there are 260 coal（煤）fires in the world. They are harmful（有害）and dangerous.

Then how to put them out？

Scientists have tried to set（放置）fire to underground coal to speed up（加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃烧）of underground coal would be soon finished. （被烧完）。

1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire ________.

A. at the age of seven B. seven years old C. in the year of 1898 D. more than（超过）80 years ago

2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look

at the fire because ________.

A. it was in the hole B. it was very hot C. it was orange D. it was harmful

3. How many coal fires are there in the world？

A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say. C. There are 260. D. The article（文章）doesn't tell us.

4. What‘’s one of the best ways to put out（扑灭）the underground fire？

A. To cover（覆盖）the holes with stones（石块）

B. To speed up the fires.

C. To see the fires burning.

D. To do some experiments（试验）.

5. What is the best title（标题）for the article？

A. Watching the Underground - Fire.

B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.

C. The Burning Earth.

D. Coal and Coal Fires.

答案分析

1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据。at the

age of seven 等于when he was seven，故正确答案为 A 。

2．这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为B。

3．这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于直接回答题。正确答案为C。

4．在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为B。

5．完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给出直接的回答。文章从Mr Brown两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为B。

2根据文章内容判断正误

Fred telephoned his wife. “I've got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. We l have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”Fred's wife was very pleased. They hadn't been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “It's very strange,”he said. “They aren't here!”“Try your pockets,”said his wife. But the tickets weren’t there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尴尬). “What’s the matter？”asked his wife. “Well,”Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasn‘’t going home, I left it in the office！”

1. One day, Fred was given the tickets for the theatre.

2. Fred and his wife went to the theatre quite often.

3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.

4. They reached the theatre neither late nor early.

5. Then Fred couldn’t find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.

答案分析

1. T 因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife “I’ve got two free tickets…” “free”此处是免费的意思。

2. F 第二段中提到“They hadn’t been to the theater for a long time.”

3. F 第一段中 Fred 说“Meet me outside the office.”

4. T 第二段中“in time”是及时的意思。

5. T 结尾处提到的。

3阅读下面短文，然后回答文后问题。

Taking exams always makes me nervous．What about you？Here are some suggestions that my friend offers me.

Preparing for exams

The most important part of preparing for an exam is to know what to study. Review subjects you've spent a long time on during classes，look through what you were asked to read and topics of essays and homework，or ask your teachers to see if they can give a few suggestions．Once you

know what to study，the next is to know how to study.

Arriving at an exam

How you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your exam.Be sure to arrive：Early.

With a full stomach.

Well rested.

With all the things you will need for the exam.Having your own exam habits Before you begin your exam，be sure to：Set up your things close by.

Put your name and other identification information on your exam-answer sheet.

Read all the directions.

Make a brief plan about how you will divide your time between sections.

Take a few deep breaths every time you feel nervous.

If you prepare well for your exam，arrive confidently and settle in before you begin.

Don't spend more time on a question that you should unless you're ahead of schedule（时间表）.

根据短文内容，回答下面的问题。

1. What is the most important before you take an exam？

______________________________________

2. Should you arrive at an exam early or on time？

______________________________________

3. What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam？

______________________________________

4. How would you feel if you got everything ready？

______________________________________

答案分析

1. to know what to study 根据建议一可知，考前最重要的就是要知道学什么。

2. Early 根据建议二可知，考试时要提前到。

3. Take a few deep breaths 根据建议三可知，考前紧张是要深吸一口气，能缓解紧张的心情。

4. Confident 根据短文内容可知，一切准备就绪，你就会很自信。

阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力。几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新颖，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。那么，我们看看阅读理解都有哪些题材呢？

1

家庭、朋友与个人情况

在中考阅读理解中，记叙文阅读题目的考查难度逐年增加，多使用贴近学生生活的素材，多以故事形式出现。针对这种题型主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系，从中分析他们的思想品质、性格特征等；理解文章大意后，找出关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在，这样，便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。这类阅读一般是对文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常重要的。

解题思路：先看清题干，带着问题读文章，明确把握问题指向，避免“回视”现象，提高做题的速度。

【例题】

1990 was a significant year in world events. In February，Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prison. In October，East and West Germany became one country again. Then at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was born. For this final event we have one man to thank，Tim Berners Lee，the father of the Web.

Berners Lee was born on June 8，1955 in London，England. His parents，both computer designers，encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up. He was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science.

After graduating from Oxford University，Tim went to work at a science research centre in Switzerland. There he developed some of the different systems that would later become the Web. The first was HTML，the computer language used to make web pages.The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information.In 1990，while still at the science centre in Switzerland，he put them together to make the first Internet browser(浏览器). It could run on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their information with the rest of the world.

Tim knew that the more people used the Web，the more useful it would be. He wasn't interested in money but knowledge，so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested. Many were interested and the growth of the Internet began.

Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America，researching new and interesting ways to use the Web. He has received many awards from governments and organizations for his efforts.He is still not very interested in money. That is why he is so admired by his students and workmates. It may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name.

阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

1. The underlined word "significant" (in Paragraph 1) most probably means "_________".

A. Strange B. terrible C. important D. difficult

2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. The address system was used to make web pages.

B. The World Wide Web was created in Switzerland.

C. The first web browser was very expensive to buy.

D. Many people could use the Internet before 1990.

3. What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?

A. He was encouraged to be creative.

B. He didn't do well at school.

C. He is a very poor businessman.

D. He is well known all over the world.

4. Where does Berners Lee live today?

A. England. B. Switzerland. C. America. D. Canada.

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The events that took place in 1990.

B. The history of the Internet.

C. The invention of the Internet browser.

D. The man who created the Word Wide Web

【答案解析】

1. C 根据第一段第三、四句话可知，发生在 1990 年的世界事件：东西德统一，World Wide Web 的诞生。由此我们不难推测出，significant 是指“重要，重大”。故选 C。

2. B 根据第三段“...an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information...”可知选项 A 与此不符；根据第四段可知，Tim 只对知识感兴趣而对金钱并不感兴趣，因此他免费贡献出他的发明 web browser，故选项 C 不正确；根据第一段，我们知道 web 是在 1990 年诞生的，因此 1990 年前，人们不可能使用 web，故排除 D。所以正确答案为 B。

3. A 根据第二段可知，Tim 学习成绩优秀，故排除 B；文中没有提 Tim 是个商人，故排除 C；根据最后一段最后一句话“...few people outside the world of technology know his name.”可知 Tim 并非世界闻名，故排除 D。根据文中第二段“...encouraged him to think and work creatively...”可知正确答案为 A。

4. C 根据最后一段第一句可知 Tim 现在住在美国。

5. D 这篇文章主要介绍的是 Web 之父 Tim Berners Lee.

2

学校生活与语言学习

校园生活与语言学习是中考阅读理解考查的一个热点话题，一方面与学生生活、学习、交流等息息相关；另一方面，来自社会，紧贴社会生活，具有一定的时代感和现实意义。这类话题多是说明文，做题时要注意说明的对象、内容及说明方法。这类题要注意每段话的开头部分，整体把握材料信息。

解题思路：把握信息，找出题眼，梳理信息，进行解答问题。

【例题】

When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy. She is very outgoing(外向的). Who is she? Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater.

On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating final(短道速滑决赛) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games(温哥华冬奥会). After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third gold medal this time. With this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skating. That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history.

Just before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly. With the words of "You can，you can do!" she won at last. She said，"I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to China. It was with the help of my team that I won the prize. "

Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four，she has been the most successful Chinese skater. We are proud of her and her team. We hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014.

阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

1. China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skating.

A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5

2. It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating final.

A. women's 1000 B. men's 1000 C. women's 500 D. men's 500

3. In Wang Meng's opinion，made her win the prize at last.

A. a strong body B. a bad cold C. her team's help D. much exercise

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy.

B. Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater.

C. Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team.

D. China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history.

【答案解析】

1. C 由第二段倒数第二句“With this one China won four gold medals...”可知正确答案为 C。

2. A 由第二段第一句“...Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in women's 1000 meters...”可知正确答案为 A。

3. C 由第一段最后两句“I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team... with the help of my team that I won the prize. ”可知由于团队的帮助她才获得了成功，故正确答案为 C。

4. D 由第二段最后一句“That helped China first win the team gold medal...”可知 D 项的表述是错误的。

3

天气与自然

随着社会经济的快速发展，社会和谐已提上日程，天气与自然环境很快就成为人们关注的话题之一。此类话题多是说明文和议论文。这就要求我们了解说明文和议论文的特点，这样才能对问题进一步地分析和解读，才能自觉地完成命题要求，取得高分。

解题思路：把握该类话题的特征，对所给信息进行归纳整合。

【例题】

Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆). They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year. When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do.

Do NOT go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线).

Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.

Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself.

Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.

If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.

阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

1. It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening.

A. run out of the building

B. stay in a corner of the building

C. cover your head with your arms

D. cover your mouth with a towel

2. From this passage，we know _______.

A. many people fear earthquakes

B. earthquakes maybe happen at any time

C. we can't save ourselves in an earthquake

D. people never get injured in earthquakes

3. The best title for this passage should be "_______".

A. How Earthquakes Happen

B. How to Drive a Car

C. What We Should Do in Earthquakes

D. Why Earthquakes Happen

【答案解析】

1. A BCD 三项在第三段可找到答案；根据第二段内容可知 A 项的做法是不安全的，故正确答案为 A。

2. B 根据第一段前两句可知，地震可能随时会发生，故 B 项为正确答案。

3. C 通过全文可知本文主要是在介绍发生地震时，我们应该采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受伤，故正确答案为 C。

4

历史与地理

本话题在中考中所占比例不多，在历史方面要注意历史事件发生的时间、地点、原因以及有何影响等，而对地理知识的考查，一般多与旅游观光等内容相结合，这就要求我们了解各地的名胜古迹、遗址等。

解题思路：熟悉文章，找准问题关键所在，提高解题速度和质量。

【例题】

On February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor(港) was an exciting place. Many people were there to greet a ship from France. On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars(火车车厢) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America. These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci，a French word meaning "thank you").

After world War Ⅱ(二战)，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been destroyed. Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat. In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United States，stopping in cities and towns along the way. At every stop，people gave whatever they could. Factories gave clothing and medicine. Farmers gave food. Families gave money. Even school children gave away their pocket money(零用钱). All the things were then taken to France by ship.

By 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢复) from the war. The Merci Train was their way of saying "thank you" to America. French people had filled the boxcars with gifts. Most of them were personal，like hand-made toys，children's drawings，or postcards. But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts. On each car，the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，with an American eagle on the front. The boxcars were taken to each state of America，where they were warmly greeted.

Now many of the states still keep their boxcars. Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museums. The Merci Train came out of the war，but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平).

阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

1. Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd，1949 to ________.

A. welcome the Merci Train

B. meet their families

C. have a big party

D. start a trip by ship

2. In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order to ________.

A. give away clothing and food

B. get more soldiers for the war

C. collect things to help French people

D. show exhibitions from the museums

3. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) ________.

A. the American people

B. the French people

C. the boxcars

D. the gifts

4. The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because _______.

A. they thought France was stronger than America

B. it could show the friendship between the two countries

C. the boxcars would be more beautiful

D. they were very good at painting pictures

5. The passage is mainly about _______.

A. the story of the Merci Train

B. American museums where the boxcars are kept

C. gifts that American people liked

D. World War Ⅱ

【答案解析】

1. A 根据第一段内容我们可知许多人来到 New York Harbor 的目的是为了欢迎来自法国的 Merci Train，故正确答案为 A。

2. C 根据“At every stop，people gave whatever they could... All the things were then taken to France by ship.”可以推测出正确答案为 C。

3. D 根据第三段第三句和第四句的 personal，like hand-made toys...”可知 them 指代的是 gifts，故正确答案为 D。

4. B 根据“...the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，...where they were warmly greeted.”可以推测出正确答案为 B。

5. A 通过文章内容我们可知整篇文章都是围绕 Merci Train 来写的，故正确答案为 A。

5社会万象

在中考阅读理解中，本话题包括的题材很多，它们来自生活，来自社会，针对这些题材要求抓住关键的句子和一些与考查内容有关的问题所在，这样便于我们解题时“顺藤摸瓜”，找出问题的答案。这种题型一般是对文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的关键句和关键词是非常重要的。

解题思路：看清题干，明确把握问题指向，带着问题读文章，避免“回视”现象，提高做题的速度，提高解题质量。

【例题】

In most cultures，when you meet people you know for the first time during a day，it is usual to greet them. Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to work. When she first arrived，she knew little about the Chinese culture of language. On her way to school one day，she went to a bank to get some money. To her surprise，the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch. She was surprised at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest in dating the girl. Since this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she was very puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten already. After this she went on to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question.

By now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as to why they asked it. In the following days she was asked the same question again and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking her this. At last she thought that these people must be concerned about(关心) her health. She was rather thin at the time，and she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating well!

In fact the question like that has no real meaning at all — it is only a greeting.

根据短文内容，判断句子的正误，正确的在括号内写“T”，错误的写“F”。

1. The young British woman went to Hong Kong for work.

2. The British woman went to the bank to get some money.

3. The bank clerk invited the young British woman to lunch.

4. The teacher's question made the British woman happy.

5. In fact the young British woman didn't know much about Chinese culture.

【答案解析】

1. T 根据“Once a young woman from England...”可知这年轻英国妇女是来香港工作的，故此句表述是正确的。

2. T 根据“...she went to a bank to get some money.”可知此句表述是正确的。

3. F 通过本文最后一句我们可以了解到，在中国问别人“吃了吗”是表问候，而不一定是真正的想请人吃饭。故此句的错误的。

4. F 根据“After this she went on to school and was even more surprised...”可知此句表述是错误的。

5. T 根据文章内容我们知道，这位英国妇女对中国文化不是很了解，所以对“if she had had her lunch”产生困惑。 当然，中考英语阅读理解题的材料远不止这些种类，但只要运用了上面的基本的解题技巧，也能把这个题型做得很好。

中考英语阅读理解解题方法和技巧-初三英语阅读理解的技巧和方法