Anne’s Best Friend

Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest

ʊ

feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your fiend would laugh at

ʊ

you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank

ʊ

wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.

ɜ:st k ʊ ɜ: ‘ ɜ:

Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War. Her

æmstə dæm ʊ ɜ: ɜ:

family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the

ʊ ʊ

German Nazis. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months

ɜ: ɜ:

before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was

ɜ: ʊ ʊ

her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as

ɜ: ʊ ʊ

most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call

ʊ

my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place

ʊ ʊ

since July 1942.

ʊ

Thursday 15th June, 1944

ɜ:

Dear Kitty,

I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that

ʊ ʊ

I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well

ʊ ʊ ‘ ʊ

remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the

birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s

ɜ: ʊ ʊ ʊ

changed since I came here.

…For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on

ʊ

purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by

ɜ: ʊ ʊ

myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a

ʊ

window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk

ʊ ʊ

when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had

ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ ʊ

to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held

ʊ

me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d

ʊ ɜ:

seen the night face to face…

…Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging

‘ ʊ ʊ ɜ: ɜ:

before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any

ʊ ʊ ʊ

longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.

Yours,

Anne

安妮最好的朋友

你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境

呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。在第二次世界大战期间，

安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。

她和她的家人躲藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：“我不愿像大

多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在，来看看

安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。

1944年6月15日，星期四

亲爱的基蒂：

我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里之后，这一切都变了。

比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11点半都不睡觉，为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我都不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹的夜晚……

不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。

你的安妮

1. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？

❶ tell sth. to sb. = tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事

a. He told the news to everybody in the village.

他把那消息告诉了全村的人.

=________________________________________________

b. I can't tell you how happy I am. 我真不知道怎么表达我的快乐.

❷ whom you could tell everything to做了a friend的定语从句。

❸ like your deepest feelings and thoughts是everything的举例。

2. Or are you afraid that your fiend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? 或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？

❶ of sb./sth./doing

be afraid to do

that-clause

1. be afraid to do 指的是按照经验或常识不敢去做某事，或没有勇气去做某事。如：

a. I’m afraid to jump into the river. 我不敢跳进河中。

b. He was afraid to go out at night. 他晚上不敢出去。

注：在现代英语中，有时也可用 be afraid of doing　结构来表示上述意思。如：

a. I’m afraid to tell (或of telling) her. 我不敢告诉她。

b. Don’t be afraid to ask (或of asking) for help. 不要怕请求帮助。

2. be afraid of doing 主要用来谈论一件自己(指句子主语)不希望也不能决定而可能突然发生在自己头上的事，这种事往往带有一种疑惧性，即可能发生也可能不发生，只是自己有这样一种得心(即担心发生)。此进不能用 be afraid to do 结构。如：

a. She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。

b. I was afraid of hurting his feelings. 我怕伤了他的感情。

请再体会下列句子：

a. I’m afraid to speak English before so many people because I’m afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在那么多人面前说英语，因为我怕出错。

b. They are afraid to swim because they are afraid of drowning.

他们不敢游泳，因为他们担心会被淹死。

中考链接:

1. He is ________ dogs, so he never keeps any of them at home. (2006青海省)

A. interested in B. afraid of C. worried about

2. -Why not go to Qingdao on May Day, Jim?　

--I'm afraid it's not a good______.I have been there several times.

A. way B. place C. advice D. idea

高考链接：

1. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can't have time to _____ before the party. (2004全国Ⅱ)

A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change

2. —You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?

— ________ . I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.(2004江苏省)

A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so

❷ laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人

throw a stone at sb. 扔石头砸某人

shout at sb. 对某人大吼

shoot at sb. 开枪射击某人

point a gun at sb. 用枪瞄准某人

总结：at表示目标或目的，在某些搭配中，含有主观上不友好意味或恶意：

a. The dog came at me. 狗向我扑来。

The dog came to me. 狗向我走来。

b. He threw the ball at me. 他把球向我砸来。

He threw the ball to me. 他把球抛向我。

c. He shouted at me. 他对我大吼。

He shouted to me. 他对我大声喊。

d. He shot at the bird, but missed. 他向那只鸟开枪，但是没打中。

He shot the bird. 他击中了那只鸟。

e. She pointed a gun at his head．她用枪瞄准他的头。

❸ go through

穿过(森林等); 查阅；经历（困难、痛苦等）

a. He has gone through such a lot since his wife died．妻子死后他经受了不少苦难。

b. You will never know what she went through to educate her children．

你永远也不会知道她为了教育孩子，吃了多少苦。

c. He was going through a very difficult time.

d. I've gone through all my pockets but I can't find my keys.

我把所有的口袋儿都找遍了, 就是找不到我的钥匙.

e. The ball went through the window. 那球穿过窗子飞去

1. She _________ the forest after two thieves. (她穿过森林追赶两个贼)

2. The young man walked _______ the forest and came to a big river at last.

A. on B. over C. through D. across

3. You will never know ____________________ to educate her children．

你永远也不会知道她为了教育孩子，吃了多少苦。(what she went through)

❹ Your fiend would not understand what you are going through.

划线部分是谓语动词understand的宾语从句。

3. Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend.

安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。

Make的用法非常复杂，有以下几种：

vt. 制造，制作（某物）

make sth. 制作/生产某物

be made of/from 由---制成（看得出原材料/看不出原材料）

be made by 由某人制作

be made in 在某地制作

a. Wine is made from grapes. 酒是由葡萄制成的。

The paper is made from the wood.

b. The desk is made of wood.

The knife is made of metal.

使役用法， 一般用于“make + 宾语 + 宾补”这种结构，常用的句型是：

a.

make + sb./sth. + n.

p.p.

do (省to的不定式) 注：其被动式要加上to. 即：be made to do

a. The news made him happy. 这个消息使他很高兴。

b. Computers make it easier to learn English. 电脑使英语学习更加容易。

c. They all want to make Jim their monitor. （名词）他们都想让吉姆当班长。

d. I spoke loudly in order to make my voice heard.（过去分词） 我大声地讲话，以便让别人听到。

e. Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts. 我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。

= We are often made to retell the texts (by our English teacher).

make还可以构成大量短语：

make a decision (下决定) make a face / faces （做鬼脸）

make friends with （与……交友） make progress (取得进步)

make sure （确信、弄清楚） make up one's mind （下决心）等

练习：用be made of, be made from, be made in, be made by, be made up of完成句子：

1. The desk is made __________ wood.

2. Paper is made__________ wood.

3. The machines were made __________ the workers.

4. This kind of watch is made _________ Shanghai.

5. The team is made__________ 30 students and a teacher.

6. This kite is made __________ paper.

7. Salt is made __________seawater.

8. This kind of glass is made __________ paper.

9. The old bridge is made__________ stone.

10. This kind of drink is made_________ apple.

11. This bike is made __________ Shanghai.

12. Our class is made __________ forty students.

13. This machine was made __________ Uncle Wang.

14. This team is made _________ two doctors and five nurses.

15. This kind of car is made _________ this factory.

16. Butter is made__________ milk.

17. The plane is made __________the workers in this factory.

18. My sweater is made _________ wool.

19. Our teacher told us that water was made ________oxygen and hydrogen.

20. This piece of wood will be made ________ a small bench.

1. of 2. From 3.by 4.in 5. up of 6. of 7.from 8.of 9. Of 10. from 11.in

12. up of 13.by 14.up of 15.in 16.from 17.by 18.from 19. up of 20.into

Make的练习：

1. Bamboo is also _____ paper.（制成，做成）

2. Our desks and chairs are _____ wood. （用某种原材料制成）

3. The paper for books and newspapers also is _____ wood. (用某种原材料制成)

4. This engine is _____ _____ _____ 490 parts.( 由……组成，由……构成)

5. The actor _____himself _____ for the part of an old man. (化妆)

6. These days many girls _____ _____ when they are still quite young. (化妆，打扮

7. She ____ _____ a good lunch from bits and pieces.( 配制)

8. There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here. He has just ____ her _____.(编造，虚构)

9. Hard work can often ______ _____ ______ lack of intelligence.( 弥补， 补充，补偿)

10. Everyone should ______ _____ _____ _____ time.( 充分利用)

11. But wait till you see what we’ll ______ for you _____ your own measure.( 照某人的尺寸去做)

12. I have _____ _____ _____ _____， and nothing you say will change it.( 下决心)

13. They _____ _____ _____ my mistakes when I tried to speak English.( 取笑，嘲笑，和……开玩笑)

　　Key：

　　1. make into 制成，做成（后面跟产品，制成品）

　　2. be made of 用某种原材料制成（后面跟原材料）

　　3. be made from 用某种原材料制成（后面跟原材料）

　　4. be made up of 由……组成，由……构成

　　5. make up化妆

　　6. make up 化妆，打扮

　　7. make up 配制

　　8. make up 编造，虚构

　　9. make up for 弥补， 补充，补偿

　　10. make full use of 充分利用

　　11.make to one’s own measure 照某人的尺寸去做

　　12. make up my mind 下决心

13. make fun of 取笑，嘲笑，和……开玩笑

4. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.

我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

❶ It is --- that/(who)--- 强调句：

The day before yesterday Tom broke the window with a hammer.

分别就上句中四个不同的部分完成强调句

a.

b.

c.

d.

用强调句型it is/ was… that/ who强调划线部分

1. She didn’t know her mother was ill in bed until she came home from work.

2. Did his father die during the Second World War?

3. Who broke the window?

4. How did you succeed?

5. He is a teacher now.

6. I bought you the dictionary.

7. I am to blame.

8. You are wrong.

9. I am looking for him.

10. He told me the news at the gate.

答案：

1. It was not until she came home from work that she knew her mother was ill inbed.

2. Was it during the Second World War that his father died?

3. Who was it that broke the window?

4. How was it that you succeeded?

5. It is a teacher that he is now.

6. It was for you that I bought the dictionary.

7. It is I who/ that am to blame.

8. It is you who/that are wrong.

9. It is him whom/that I am looking for

10. It was at the gate that he told me the news.

❷ be crazy about sth./doing 对---疯狂/着迷

It is crazy of sb. to do sth.=sb. be crazy to do sth.

不能沉迷于电脑游戏。

_____________________________________________________

那些女孩子疯狂地迷上了那个男歌手。

_____________________________________________________

他特爱追女孩子。

He is _________________________________________________

居然花那么高的价格去买这辆车，你真是疯了。

___________________________to buy the car at a high price. (It’s crazy of you)

❸ to do with sth. 与---有关

I have nothing to do with him. 我跟他无任何关系。

Sports have something to do with health.运动对健康有影响。

He must have something to do with the murder.他跟这起谋杀案一定有关。

She guessed that the letter had something to do with her husband. 她猜想这封信与她丈夫有关.

5. ---For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.

比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11点半都不睡觉，为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮。

❶ for example 后跟一个例子，位置非常灵活

such as 后跟多个例子，且放在例子之前，而且such和as可以分开使用

like 可跟such as互换（但仅限于such跟as合作一起时互换）

namely 可以举出全部例子

1. Noise，____________，is a kind of pollution.

2. I like drinks ________________ tea and soda.

3. ___________，my full name is James Allen Green. Green is my family name.

4. He，___________，is a good student.

5.There are several people interested，__________ Mr Jones and Mr Simpson.

6. He knows four languages，_________ Chinese，English，Russian and French.

7. He has several ________ reference books _____ dictionaries and handbooks.

8. The farm grows various kinds of crops, ________　wheat, corn, cotton and rice.

1. for example 2.like/such as 3.For example 4.for example 5.like 6. namely 7.such---as---

8. such as

❷ stay + a. 此处的stay表示保持某种状态，是系动词用法。

状态系动词：

1．be，“是”，属完全系动词。

I am a student. 我是一个学生。

2．seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系动词。

They seem quite happy. 他们似乎很快乐。

3．appear,“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词。

He appeared tired and sleepy. 他显得疲倦而且好像要睡觉了。

It appeared (to be) a true story. 看来这是一个真实的故事。

The river appears as if enveloped in smog. 这条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。

Now it appears to me that he may play an important part in settling the problem.

在我看来，他可能在解决这个问题中起着重要作用。

4．keep, “保持……的状态”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。

You’d better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。

5．remain,“仍是”，半系动词。

I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。

6．stay“保持（某种状态）”，半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。

The window stayed open all the night.

7. prove “证明是”，半系动词，后接adj.\n.

The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是成功的。

高考系动词单项选择题

①The story sounds_________________(MET 89)

A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true

②Those oranges taste__________(MET 91)

A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well

③---Are you feeling___________?

---Yes, I’m fine now/(NMET92)

A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better

④----Can I join the club, Dad.

----You can when you _________a bit older.(NMET 94)

A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got

⑤---Do you like the material?

----Yes, it _______very soft.(NMET 94)

A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt

⑥I love to go to the seaside on Summer. It_____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.(NMET 96)

A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes

⑦Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______by the hour.(NMET 98)

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

⑧Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _____ for several days. (NMET2003）

A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed

(1.D, 2.A, 3.B, 4.A, 5.C, 6.B, 7.C, 8.B)

专项训练

　　1. —What is Mr. Wang like? —____。

　　 A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kind

　　 C. He looks like a balloon D. He likes English

　　2. What Mr. White said sounds____。

　　 A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely

　　3. The poor boy ____ blind at the age of three。

　　 A. turned B. goes C. became D. went

　　4. When he was a child he____ 。

　　 A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true

　　5. His voice____ as if he has a cold。

　　 A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems

　　6. This shirt___ as if it is made of cotton。

　　 A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems

　　7. He looks ___ he hadn’t had a good meal for a month

　　 A. that B. as if C. when D. so far

　　8. It ____that he was late for the train。

　　 A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems

　　9. These apples taste_____。

　　 A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good

　　10. —Do you like the shirt?

　　 —Yes, it ____ very soft。

　　 A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt

　　11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he____ asleep

　　 A. kept B. got C. fell D. fall

　　12. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark。

　　 A. going B. getting C. running D. coming

　　13. Their plan ____ to be a perfect one。

　　 A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving

　　14. The flowers in the garden ____ sweet。

　　 A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell

　　15. She____ like her mother in character。

　　 A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels

　　16. It____ another fine day tomorrow。

　　 A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks

　　17. He ____ much younger than he really is。

　　 A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns

　　18. You____ very pale. Do you feel sick?

　　 A. looked B. are looking C. looking D. are looked

　　19. His wish to become a driver has ____true。

　　 A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown

　　20. Her father ____a writer。

　　 A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become

　1. B What’s...like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语，答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。

　2. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接形容词作表语，答案B、C、D均为副词。

　3. D若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时，用系动词go表示。

　4. C run wild是固定搭配，表示“放荡不羁”。

　5. A sound表示“听起来”，后面接as if 引导的表语从句，表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。

　6. C feel作系动词用时，表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。

　7. B as if引导表语从句时，从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，从句谓语用过去完成式。

　8. D “ It seems that…” 表示“看起来……”。是固定句型，强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。

　9. D taste表示“尝起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。

　10. A feel表示“(某物)摸上去(令人)有某种感觉”时，是系动词，用于一般现在时。

　11. C fall asleep表示“入睡”，是固定搭配，根据题意，应用过去时。

　12. B get表示“逐渐……起来”、“开始……起来”时，是系动词，多用于进行时。

　13. A prove表示“证明是”时，是系动词。

　14. D smell表示“有……的气味”、“散发气味”时，是系动词，后面接形容词。

　15. C belike表示“看起来像”时，既可指外貌，又可指品质和特征，侧重于特征。

　16. B promise表示“有……的可能”、“给人以……的指望”时，是系动词，后面接名词作表语。

　17. A appear表示“看起来”时，是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象，常为“假象”。

　18. B look表示“显得”、“看起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，用进行时态，常带有感情色彩。

　19. C come true是固定搭配，表示“实现”，其中come是系动词，表示“成为”、“变得”。

　20. D become表示“变成”，作系动词用，在后面作表语的名词前要加a或an。turn后跟可数名词单数要去掉a(n)。

keep词组

1. I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me _____.

2. Every week there was a rebellion somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept _____ hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.

3. While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept _____ _____ by telephone _____ his companion and with the earth.

4. He kept _____ telling us the same story over and over.

5. You may depend _____ his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps _____ _____.

6. Danger! Keep ______!

7. Will this overcoat keep the rain _____?

8. It is also bad manners to keep _____ when the teacher asks you a question.

9. The rain kept _____ all night.

10. I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep _____ the good work.

11. The good news keeps our spirits _____.

12. He walked so fast that I could hardly keep _____ _____ him.

13. Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to

keep _____.

1. keep back 阻止...向前

2. keep busy doing不断地,不停地,忙着做某事

3. keep in touch ... with 与...保持联系

4. keep on 继续不停地做某事

5. depend on 依靠,依赖keep his words 遵守诺言

6. keep out 不得入内

7. keep ... out 挡住,留在外面

8. keep silent 保持沉默

9. keep up 继续

10. keep up 保持,坚持

11. keep up 保持,不使低落12. keep up with 跟上

13. keep watch 守望,值班,放哨

❸ on purpose 故意 介词短语作状语

Jimmy hit his little brother in the eye， ______________________________________. 杰米打了他弟弟的眼睛，但他不是故意的。(but he didn't do it on purpose．)

_______________________________ on purpose. 他故意打破了那门。

❹ in order to/in order that

1. We should work hard in order to / so as to pass the exam.

→ __________________________________________________________

2. He went there early so as to / in order to get a good seat.

→___________________________________________________________

((We should work hard in order that / so that we can pass the exam.

He went there early so that / in order that he could get a good seat.)

❺ have/take a look = look

用have+名词来代替普通动词 : have a+名词=动词

have a bath=bathe have a swim=swim have a rest=rest

have a walk=walk have a look=look

一个动词的后面会加介词(如果这个动词是不及物动词),这个名词的后面, 动词能加什么样的介词,名词也可以加什么样的介词

look at->have a look at=take a look at;

walk across->have a walk across

a. Hey, hey, look, just do me a favor. Take a look outside. Look. 嘿,嘿,你看,帮帮忙,看看外边

b. Look, what a beautiful Island, let’s go and have a look. 看，那小岛真美啊。我们过去看看吧。

c. Take your seat, and let me have a look. It's nothing serious. I do advise you to avoid oily food for the next few days. 请坐.让我看看.没什么大问题..你的饮食要尽量清淡一点.

用have+名词来替代用斜体印出的动词 :

1. Yesterday I rode on a horse for the first time in my life.

_________________________________________

2. I was looking at those old photographs last night.

_____________________________________________

3. He washed before going out.

______________________________________________________________

4. I swam in the sea this morning.

____________________________________________________________

5. Those two sailors fought in the bar last night.

_________________________________________________

6. Dan and Caroline have been quarrelling.

______________________________________________________

7. He tried again. (Use‘another’in place of‘again').

_____________________________________________

8. She is resting.

______________________________________________

9. I wanted to smoke.

__________________________________________

10. Did you sleep well last night? (Use‘a good’in place of ‘well’.)

_________________________________

1. rode on a horse ->had a ride on a horse

2. was looking at ->was having a look at

3. washed->had a wash

4. swam->had a swim

5. fought->had a fight

6. quarrelling->having a quarrel

7. tried again->had another try

8. is resting-> is having a rest

9. smoke->have a smoke

10. sleep well->have a good sleep

6. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut.

还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。

❶ sb. happened to do sth. 某人碰巧干某事

sth. happens to sb. 某人发生了某事（跟汉语主宾顺序正好相反）

sb. happens to do sth. 某人恰好/碰巧干了某事

It happens/happened that---恰好发生了某事

take place 指按计划或安排发生的事，尤其指重大事件。而happen是指事件偶然发生

a. An accident happened to him in that street. 他在那条街上发生了一起事故。

An accident happened (to him) in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故。

b. I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.

昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。

c. It happened that he had to take part in a meeting that afternoon.

碰巧那天下午他不得不参加一个会议。

d. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last ten years. （不用 happen ）

我的家乡在过去十年里发生了巨大的变化。

e. When will the soccer game take place? （不用 happen ）足球比赛什么时候举行？

1.—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.

—What do you suppose __________to her?

A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened

2. They happened to _______for Tianjin when we got there.

A. leave B. have left C. leaving D. had left

3. If anything __________you, let me know.

A. is happened to B. is happening C. happens on D. happens to

4. I happened _________when you came to my home last night.

A. am out B. to out C. to be out D. be out

5. When will the wedding ______?

A. take place B. taken place C. takes place D .happen

6. In 1919, the May 4th Movement ____________ in China．

A. took place B. happened to C. happened

7. A storm __________ across the river in another country.

8. The contest __________ every four years.

Key: c b d c a a

9. 那件事发生在一个下雨天的早晨。

That thing __________ __________ a __________ morning.

10. 林涛没告诉我他弟弟出了什么事。

Lin Tao didn't tell me __________ __________ __________ his brother.

11. 昨天在街上发生了一件有趣的事。

_________ __________ __________ __________ on the street yesterday.

12. 我碰巧知道他的新电话号码。

I __________ __________ __________ his new telephone number.

13. 火灾发生时我碰巧在那儿。

__________ __________ that I was there when the fire started.

Key：9. happened on, rainy 10.what happened to 11.An interesting thing happened 12.happened to know 13.It happened

❷ until+ n./that-

not---until---直到---才---

基本结构: not + 主句 + until + 从句

倒装句结构：Not until + 从句 + 倒装的主句

强调句结构：It is/was not until + 从句 + that + 主句

a. We did not get off the bus until it stopped.

Not until it stopped did we get off the bus.

It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus.

b. I did not realize the importance of team work until I became monitor of our class.

Not until I became monitor of our class that did I realize the importance of team work.

It was not until I became monitor of our class that I realized the importance of team work.

c. I did not realize she was Yang Xiaodan until she took off her glasses.

Not until she took off her glasses did I realize she was Yang Xiaodan.

It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was Yang Xiaodan.

d. She arrived at school at 6 o’clock.

She didn't arrive at school until 6 o'clock.

It was not until 6 o’clock that she arrived at school.

　　1. It was not ______ he took off his dark glasses _________ I realized he was a famous singer．

A． when，that　　B． until，that　 C． until，when　　D． when，then

　　2．It was not until midnight ________ the noise of the street stopped．

A． that　　B． this　　　C． since　　D． at which

3．It was not _______1920 _______ regular radio broadcast began．

A． for，that　　B． until，that　C． for，when　D． until，when

4. It was not _______ you had explained how ________ I managed to do it．

A． for，that　　　B． until，that　　C． for，when　D． until，when

5. 他妻子走了之后他才来。

　 _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

6. 直到雨停他们才出发。

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

7. Not until two days after earthquake _________________________

直到地震两天后，他才发现他妈妈还活着。

He didn’t come until his wife left．

　　 Not until his wife left did he come.

It was not until his wife left that he came．

They didn’t start until the rain stopped．

Not until the rain stopped did they start.

It was not until the rain stopped that they started．

　　 did she find her mother alive.

7. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…

　漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹的夜晚…

❶ hold sb. in (one’s) power 使某人在...的控制之下；把某人镇住

hold sb. in (one’s) arms 紧紧搂住某人

a. Rupert Murdoch hold 'News of the World' in his power in 1968.

鲁伯特·默多克在1968年将《世界新闻报》纳入他的控制之下

❷ It is the first/second/third time ---that sb. have done--- 某人第一/二/三次做某事

It was ------------------------------------------ had done ---

a. It was the second time that he had made such a mistake.

b. 这是我第一次到美国。

___________________________________________________

c. ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, it is the first time I ____________ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

❸ face to face 面对面地 （在句中作状语）

a. These two people have never met face to face. 这两个人过去从没有见过面。

b. a face-to-face talk 面对面的交谈

8. …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.

不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。

❶ be able to / can

英语中, can 与be able to在用法上既有相同的一方面, 又有不同的地方,这是应该引起注意的。当它们表示能力的时候，是同义的。如：

He can speak two foreign languages.

He is able to speak two foreign languages.

它们用法上的不同主要体现在以下几方面:

1. can只有两种时态, 即can 和could, 而be able to 有多种时态, 如was/were able to, will/shall be able to, have/has been able to等:

I’ll be able to drive the car in a week.

Through his diligent work, the deaf-mute has been able to read and write in a sign language.

2．表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事要用be able to，而不能用can。如：

I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over.

can 和be able to 都可以表示能力.can泛指一般的能力,而且只有两种形式,即:can, could．be able to 则主要指具体做到了某件事的能力，其形式主要是靠be 发生变化，所以形式比can 多．可以说：I can swim. I am able to swim. 但是不能说：All the people could escape from the big fire in time. 只能说：All the people were able to escape from the fire in time.

3．can能表猜测，be able to不能。can的这种用法主要用于疑问句和否定句。

Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be?

It can’t be our teacher who is knocking at the door.

其肯定形式是must be。如:

It must be our teacher who is knocking at the door.

must have done something 表示对现在完成或过去动作的猜测，其否定形式是can’t have done。如:

“His parents must have gone abroad.” “No, I don’t think so. They can’t have gone, for I saw them only this morning.”

要特别注意它们的反意问句形式：

He must be a good teacher，mustn’t /isn’t he？

The students must have gone to bed, haven’t they?

They must have finished their lessons yesterday, didn’t they?

could既可以用肯定形式，又可以用疑问或否定形式。如果用could表示现在“可能”，比can语气更加委婉。如：

If you don’t spend enough time on your studies, you could fail in the final examination.

It could be our teacher who turned off the light last night.

与It must be our teacher. 相比,这句话表示的可能性更小, 因为它表示了两种可能性, 既 “可能是”也可能“不是”，而 must be 只表示了一种猜测。

could have done 这个句型有它的特殊含意，表示“本来可能做到而未做到的事”。如：

Our class team could have won the game.

再看以下例句：

He cannot be over praised for what he has done for all of us.

可能有同学会理解为 “不能因为他为我们大家做了这些事情而过分表扬。”其实这样理解是错的, 因为这里的cannot be不是表 “不能”，而是表 “不可能是” 的意思, 因此这句话的意思是“他为我们大家做了这些事, 应该受到大大的表扬。” 即 “再怎么表扬也不过分”。

4．can 可以表 “允许”, 与may可以互换, 此时不能用be able to 代替。如：

“Can / May I sit here？” “Yes, please.”

由于may not 有两个意思, 即 “不可能” 和 “不许可”, 因此使用时要特别注意。如：

He may not go home this weekend.

此句既可以表示 He will probably not go home this weekend.也可以表示 I don’t permit him to go home this weekend. 在口语中，表达这两种不同的含义是通过句重音来解决的。如：

He may `not go home this weekend. (I don’t permit him to go home this weekend.)

He `may not go home this weekend. (He will probably not go home this weekend.)

而在书面表达时不可能使用句重音的手段, 所以最好用can’t代替may not来表示 “不可能”：

He can’t go home this weekend.

5. can 是情态动词，只能用作谓语成分，be able to是普通动词短语，既可以作谓语，也可以作非谓语。如：

Being able to speak English fluently, he has no difficulty in communicating with the Americans at the party.

How I long to be able to communicate with the foreigners in fluent English!

6. be able to 后边接动词不定式表示一种实际情况时，其否定形式不是be not able to，而是cannot。如：

---Were you able to catch the first bus yesterday morning?

---No, I couldn’t.

7. 一般说来, be able to 后边的动词不定式没有被动语态。如:

I’m sure he is able to correct his mistakes in grammar.

不说: *I’m sure his mistakes are able to be corrected by him.

但是美国近来也出现了Being able to be hurt by things这种结构, 美国专家解释为English is becoming looser. (英语变得越来越不严谨了), 中学生不宜模仿。

下面做几个练习:

1. –Take a seat, please. You must be very tired after a day’s work.

--Thank you, but I ______ tired.

A. can’t be B. am not C. mustn’t be D. may not

2. I hope you _______ catch up with your classmates in a few weeks.

A. to be able to B. can C. be able to D. able to

3. “What do you think of the news in today’s newspaper?” “It _______ be true.”

A. mustn’t B. isn’t be able to C. can D. can’t

4. Through generations of hardworking, our country ________ produce IC with its own intellectual property rights.

A. is able to B. can C. has been able to D. could

5. Our teacher was ill yesterday, and so we ________ have a day off.

A. could B. can C. were able to D. may

6. He studied very hard last term, so he ______ get the first prize in the final examination.

A. could B. was able to C. might D. would

7. You _____________too careful in your lessons.

A. are never able to be B. can never be C. can be D. must

8. He must have worked out the problem last night, __________?

A. mustn’t he B. hasn’t he C. didn’t he D. can’t he

9. Was he able to pass the test for the driver’s license? No, he ___________.

A. was not able B. couldn’t C. wasn’t able to D. wasn’t able to pass

10. I __________ make a living in the USA because I’m not good in English.

A. am unable to B. am not able to C. can D. am impossible to

❷ It’s no use/pleasure/fun/good doing 做某事是没用的/不快乐/没好处的

1. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no use _______ with him.

A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued

2. It is no good ______ such a thing.

A. do B. doing C. to do

高一必修一Unit1 课文同步讲解Annes Best Friend