美文赏析-伤春悲秋(中英对照)

发布时间：2021-01-03

季节变化引发的诗人感怀
大自然，是人们赖以生存居住的地方。它随四季的变化而呈现出完全不同的面貌。中华民族 历来认为大自然强大、神秘，对自然充满了崇拜，也满怀着感情。春天万物复苏、美丽灿烂， 秋天万物萧索，都能引发人们微妙而复杂的情感。今天我们就来讲讲诗人孟浩然、元曲作家 马致远在春天和秋天的故事。
公元 711 年，23 岁的孟浩然隐居在湖北襄阳城郊鹿门山里。鹿门山被群山环绕，在烟雾的笼 罩下若隐若现，像仙女一样。孟浩然宛如生活在仙境一般。
春天的早晨，天蒙蒙亮。孟浩然尚在睡梦中。梦中他又回到了半山腰那一片花海之中。美丽 妖娆的海棠花，花朵硕大。或白或粉的水仙花真如花中仙子一般，静静地立在山中地势低洼 之处，那遗世独立的美可以让人躁动的心瞬间平静下来。还有满山遍布不知名的野花，红的、 白的、粉的、蓝的、紫的，像满天的星星。孟浩然置身于花海，时而抬头观赏海棠，时而低 头俯视水仙，时而俯身嗅嗅小野花，应接不暇 ⋯⋯
“啾啾、啾啾、啾啾 ” ，清脆的鸟鸣就在山间响起了，孟浩然被这交响乐一般的鸟鸣声叫醒， 方才意识到刚才是梦回花海，可见他对花海的流连之情。他半睁着眼睛，仍然慵懒地躺在床 上。原本紧闭的窗户已经打开，穿窗而来的风让他感觉到一丝凉意： “哦，昨晚风雨来过 了。”忽然，孟浩然想起了那一片花海。在风雨的侵袭下，是不是已经凋零大半了呢？他猛 地起身，推开柴门，看到门前小路也铺满了树叶、花瓣，不禁心中一沉，感伤万分。那些娇 弱的花儿，怎能经受风雨如此的摧残？
这天早晨之后，孟浩然不敢再去看山中花海，因为无疑他看到的一定是落花满地。数日感伤，数 日沉思。孟浩然想，这烂漫春花，是大自然赋予人类最珍贵的礼物。可是春花越灿烂，它们的生 命越短暂，人们越害怕失去它们；不得已面对失去时，人们心中越伤痛。所以人们往
往在花儿怒放的时候就开始担心花儿凋谢。孟浩然想到了这些，觉得应该把这一次经历记 录下来，于是提笔写下诗句： “ 春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。夜来风雨声，花落知多少。 这就是唐诗中脍炙人口的《春晓》。孟浩然在鹿门山隐居一年有余，享受了山中的一年四 季，收获颇丰，而春花逝去带给他的伤痛久久不能释怀。

1301 年，元人马致远在自己 51 岁的秋天离开了官场。想起自己前半生的蹉跎，他痛苦万分。
他背起行囊，行走在古道上。他看到了枯萎的藤蔓，垂老的古树，它们似乎都在垂死挣扎， 暮气沉沉。不觉就到了黄昏，乌鸦的鸣叫传入耳中，让人心惊。抬头一看，数只乌鸦扑打着 翅膀，渐渐落在光秃秃的枝丫上。这些衰败的秋景，与马致远的生命状态何其相似？想到这 儿，马致远的心在往下沉，慢慢地被沉重的悲凉浸润。
正沉浸在自然与身世的悲凉中不能自拔，潺潺的流水声传入马致远的耳中。水声一直不大不 小，不急不缓，好像处变不惊的样子。走过一座纤巧别致的小桥，路过几间低矮破旧的茅屋， 马致远感受到环境如此静谧。但是这种处变不惊并没有打消马致远心中的悲凉。疲惫憔悴的 他骑着一匹消瘦憔悴的马，行走在这荒凉的古道上，在这异乡的寒冷、萧瑟的秋风里踌躇而 行。夕阳渐渐落山了，但是他这在外的游子，何处是归宿？念及此，天涯漂泊的游子马致远 怎能不愁肠寸断！马致远也用曲词记录下自己见闻： “枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。古道 西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。 ”这就是《天净沙 ·秋思》。
众人都说这首曲词让人不忍读，因为它太悲凉。词人因自己的经历而悲伤，再遇见萧索的 秋景而更添悲愁；或者是词人本不觉心中悲凉，而眼前萧索的秋景勾出了心中的悲愁，总 而言之，这悲情不断发酵，情景交融才酿得这一杯苦酒。
孟浩然见春花逝去而伤感，马致远面对萧索秋景而更添悲愁。这只是中国古人伤春悲秋故事的 两个例子。伤春或悲秋，都是对美好事物消逝的感伤。这种感伤从另一方面说明古代文人
对美好生命的追求。当求而不得，留而不住的时候，伤感悲痛就会袭来。历经千年，伤春悲 秋的情感成为中国古人诗文极为常见的情感，深入了我们的民族心理，成为民族文化。
故事要旨 大自然春夏秋冬四季轮回永恒存在。作为农耕社会成员的中国古人，对季节变化异常敏感。 人们理性上接受这轮回，感情上却会因为春花逝去而感伤，因为秋景萧索而更加愁苦。这些 情感在诗人身上获得升华，形成了大量伤春悲秋的美丽诗文，也形成了独特的中国艺术审美 心理。
Chinese Sentimentality The Fleeting Seasons
People rely upon Nature to live, and it looks quite different from season to season. Since ancient times, the Chinese people have considered Nature powerful and mysterious, and held it in fond respect. Both the vigorous beauty of spring and bleakness of autumn arouse delicate and indescribable feelings. Now let ' s see how the Tang poet Meng Hao孟ran浩 （然 ） and the Yuan poet Ma Zhiyuan马 （ 致远 ） felt about spring and autumn. Section I In 711, during the Tang Dynasty （618-907）, the 23-year-old Meng Haoran lived in seclusion on Mount Lumen in the suburbs of Xiangyang, HubePi rovince. Surrounded by other mountains and shrouded in mist, Mount Lumen looked unearthly. Thus, Meng could be said to be living infa air yland. One early spring morning, still dreamingM, eng found himself in a sea of flowers in the middle of the mountain. The blossoms of the crab-apple flowers displayed th setiur nning beauty. The daffodils, white and pink, standing aloof in the valley as elegantly as fai,r iceosuld instantly bring peace to restless minds. There were also namelessw ild flowers – red, white, pink, blue and purple –
dotted everywhere over the mountain like stars. Surrounded by this host of flowers, the poet took the greatest delight in looking up at the crab-apple flowers, gazing down at the daffodils, or bending down to smell the fragrance of the nameless wild flowers... Not until he was awakened by the birds ' crheirapliizneg t hdaidt hMee hnagd been dreaming. What a lover of flowers he was! With his eyes half-open, Meng was still lying in bed. The wind blew open the shuttered window and breathed cool air inside the room. thought the poet. It must have been a windy Suddenly, Meng remembered the sea of flowers. Had they been devastated by the wind and rain? He leaped from his bed, and rushed outside. When he pushed the brushwood gate open, he saw fallen leaves and
petals on the path. His heart sank. How could those delicate flowers have hoped to withstand such wind and rain? Meng could no longers ummon up the courage to go to see the flowers, for what awaited him would be nothing but fallen petals littering the ground. In the following days, he sank deeply into sadness and meditation. Those beautiful spring flowers, he thought, are the most precious gifts of Nature. They are beautiful, but they 'shorert -alilvseod ; when they are gone, people are sorrowful. Therefore, people start to worry over the withering of flowers when they are in full bloom. Such feelings should be put into writing, thought the poet, and so he did: “ How suddenly the morning comes in Spring!/ On every side you can hear the sweet birds sing/ Last night amidst the storm— Ah, who can tell/ With wind and rain, how many blossoms fell? (The title of this popular poem is “ Dawn in spring. ”
Meng livedin a secluded life on Mount Lumen for over a year. During his stay there, he saw the beauty of the mountain in the different seasons, but it took a rather long time for him to dispel from his mind the sorrow of having to see the demise of the spring flowers. Section II In the autumn of 1301 Ma Zhiyuan of the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368 resigned his official position at the age of 51. The thought of having wasted the first half of his life in an official career was painful to Ma. With all his belongings on his back, he traveled alone on horseback on an ancient road. Withered vines and ancient trees combined to produce a bleak aspect. With dusk approaching, crows began to caw, disturbing the traveler. Looking up, he saw the crows flapping their wings and settling on the bare branches. How strikingly similar the scene was to Ma's situation! He felt his heart sinking, and became immersed in infinite sadness. The poet was deep in sorrow over the bleak surroundings and his personal situation, when he heard the babbling of a stream. The stream was flowing quietly, and a small bridge and a cottage nearby brought peace to Ma ' s mind but failed to drive away his sadness. On a lean horse, the tired poet was traveling alone on a desolate road in the cold wind. With thseu n setting behind the mountain, he didn ' t where his destination was. Such a feeling made him heartbroken. He recorded what he saw and felt in the following verse, called crows at dusk/ Low bridge, stream running, cottages/ Ancient road, west wind, lean nag/ The sun westering/ And one with breaking heart at the sky s edge. “ Tune to ‘ Sand and Sky, ' Autumn Thoughts ” : “ D People say that the above verse is too sad to be read. Did the poet 'sg rief come from both his experience
and the dismals cene? Was it the bleakness hesa w that triggered his hidden sorrow, and hence the creation of the work? Meng Haoran was sad to see the spring flowers fall, and Ma Zhiyuan found his sorrow deepened by the somber autumn vista. Boht represent the ancient Chinese people ' s feelings about spring and or, more exactly, over the disappearanceo f beautiful things. Such sadnessc omes from people 's longing for a happy life. Pain is felt when they find it impossible to get what they desire or keep what they ' ve got. Over the past thousand years such sorrow about spring and autumn among the ancient poets and scholars has become part of the Chinese national sentiment, psychology and culture. The Moral of This Story As a law of Nature, the seasons alternate ceaselessly.T he ancient Chinese people, living in an agricultural society, were very sensitive to the shifts of the seasons. People can understand the alternation, but are still saddened by the withering of spring flowers and the bleakness of autumn. This feeling was shared by many ancient poets and scholars, and thus has become a Chinese national emotion.

美文赏析-伤春悲秋(中英对照)

推荐内容

相关推荐