1

Shumei has many pen-friends around the world. She likes writing to them and receiving their letters in return. She stated writing to her first pen-friend, Thomas Wright from Britain, when she was ten years old. They have been writing to each other for two years now.

Shumei enjoys writing to people from other counties because she finds it very interesting to learn more about those counties and the different things.

She hopes to visit her pen-friends some day, but she will continue writing to them and enjoying their friendship.

She will also try to look for pen-friends from other counties such as Japan, China and France.

Shumei有很多世界各地的笔友。她喜欢写信给他们，喜欢收到他们的回信。当她10岁时，开始给第一位来自英国的笔友Thomas Wright写信。他们互相写信至今已有两年了。

Shumei之所以喜欢写信给外国人，是因为她觉得更多地了解那些国家和不同的事物是件很有趣的事情。

她希望有一天去拜访她的笔友，但是她会继续写信给他们，分享他们的友谊。

她也期待着来自外国的笔友，如日本，中国和法国的朋友。

2

The boss found a boy in the stock room just standing around doing nothing. “How much do you get paid a week?” He asked the boy. The boy replied, “Twenty dollars.” Taking a twenty dollar bill out of his wallet, the boss gave it to the boy and said, “Here, take this. Now get out of here and don’t come back.” As the boy walked out the door, the boss said to the manager, “How long has that lazy kid been working for us?” “He doesn’t work for us,” replied the manager. “He just delivered a package.”

老板在储藏室里看见一个男孩正站着，无所事事。他问这个男孩：“你一个星期得到多少报酬？”。这个男孩回答说：“20美元。”老板从他的钱包里拿出了20美元的钞票，给了这男孩，说：“收好了。现在，从这里滚出去，不要回来了”。当男孩走出门去，老板对经理说：“这么懒惰的孩子为我们工作多长时间了？”“他不适合为我们工作，” “经理回答说。 “他刚才来送包裹的。

3

“Peter has just come back from the shops,”said Mrs. James. “He wanted to buy some new football boots, but he wasn’t able to find any that were right for him.”

“Were they all the same?”I asked.

“He said they showed him different pairs but he didn’t like any of them.”

“What is Peter going to do about his boots, then?”I asked.

“Well, the shop told him to come back the next week. It’s out a big problem because he doesn’t need to have them before the new school term. But he always begins to get his things ready early. For example, he has never been late for school.”

“My daughter is different,”I said, “I have to throw her out when it’s time for school.”

“彼得刚刚从商店回来，”詹姆斯太太说。“他想买新的足球鞋，但他没能找到适合他的。”

“球鞋款式都一样吗？”我问道。

“他说店员给他看了不同的样式，但他都不喜欢。”

“那么，彼得怎么办呢？”我问。

“嗯，店员告诉他下周再来。这不是个大问题，因为在新学年开始之前，他还不需要球鞋。但他总是提前做准备工作。比如，他从不迟到。”

“我的女儿就不同了，”我说，“每到上学时间我都不得不‘扔’她出去。”

4

The world is filled with many interesting sounds. Some are unpleasant to our ears while others are very pleasant to hear. In a single day you probably hear hundreds of different sounds. All sounds are different. Some may be loud. Some are high; others are low. Some sounds are useful.

Without sound we cannot talk or listen to one another. The ringing of the alarm clock wakes people up. The hooting of a car warns people of danger.

Some sounds are harmful. When planes fly low over the land, the very loud sounds can damage the houses. Very loud sounds can even make people deaf.

We know sound travel about one kilometer in three seconds. In a thunder storm you see the lightning first and then hear the thunder. This is because light travels much faster than sound.

Next time you see lightning; count the number of seconds before you hear the thunder. Divide this number of seconds before you hear thunder. Divide this number by 3. This will tell you how many kilometers away the thunder storm is.

这个世界充满了许多有趣的声音。对于我们的耳朵而言，有些是不舒适的，有些则是悦耳动听的。在一天之内你可能听到数以百计的不同声音。所有的声音是不同的。有些可能是响亮的。有些高的，有些低的。有些声音是有用的。

没有声音，我们彼此不能听说。闹钟铃声唤醒人们。汽车的啼声警示处于危险状况的人们。

有些声音是有害的。当飞机在陆地上方低空飞行，巨大的声音可能会损坏房屋。巨大的声音，甚至可以使人耳聋。

我们知道， 3秒钟里声音传播约1公里。在雷雨天你先看到闪电，然后再听到雷声。这是因为光的速度比声音的速度传播得快的多。

下次看到闪电，在听到雷声之前，你计算闪电秒数。均分听到雷声之前的秒数，即除以3。这会告诉你多少公里外有雷雨风暴。

5

Tommy has a little dog. Her name is Goldier. She is pretty and interesting. Tommy loves her very much.

The other day, Goldier was out walking with Tommy. She cut her paw on a bit of glass. When they arrived home, Tommy’s mother thought that the cut was deep. She asked Tommy to take Goldier to the vet. The vet was very kind, and he gave her an injection. Then he stitched up the cut and put on a bandage.

Goldier looks ever so funny as she walks on three legs, holding her paw as if she has been to war!

汤米有一只小狗。它名叫Goldier。它可爱而有趣。汤米很喜欢它。

几天前，Goldier跟着汤米外出散步。它的爪子踩到了碎玻璃。当他们回到家里，汤米的母亲认为它的伤口深。她让汤米带Goldier去兽医那儿检查。兽医非常和气，他给Goldier打了针，然后缝合伤口并缠上绷带。

Goldier只用三条腿走路，看上去太好笑了，它抬起伤爪子，好像是刚刚去过战场！

6

Long ago people used bells more than they do today. The postman used to ring a hand when he delivered the letters. Fire engines had bells instead of sirens. People who sold things came past houses, ringing a bell and shouting what was for sale.

Every village had its church bell to let people know it was time to go to church. At night, this bell was rung so that traveler would find the village in the dark.

In most counties, bells were hung around the necks of animals. The bells helped owners to find lost cows or goats. Today, in India, animals still wear bells.

Now bells are used less and less. Buzzers, sirens and horns have taken their place. Now people try to keep the old bells in schools and churches so they will not lose their beautiful sounds forever.

从前人们使用铃声比现在使用得更广泛。邮递员在投递信件的时候使用手打铃。消防车使用警铃，而不是警报器。卖东西的人来到老式住宅区，摇响铃声，高喊吆呼卖东西。

每个村庄里使用各自的教堂钟声告知人们去教堂的时间。晚上，教堂钟声响起，能让旅行者在黑暗中找到村庄。

在大多数国家，响铃挂在动物的脖子上。响铃帮助业主寻找丢失的牛或山羊。今天，在印度，动物仍然挂着响铃。

现在钟声使用得越来越少。蜂鸣器，警报器及喇叭已占有一席之地，人们尽量在学校和教堂使用老式钟，那些美丽的钟声将永远不会消失。

7

A good breakfast in important. We can easily underground it. We have not eaten anything for about twelve hours by breakfast time. Our bodies need food for morning activities.

One good breakfast should be rice or bread, an egg, milk and fruit. On cold morning a cup of hot drink is necessary.

We must get up early to have plenty of time to eat breakfast. A good breakfast helps us to be more friendly and also to work better and play more happily.

一份营养早餐是重要的。我们可以很容易理解。到早餐时间之前我们约12个小时没有吃任何东西了。我们的身体需要补充食物以应对整个上午的活动。

一份营养早餐应该包括大米，面包，鸡蛋，牛奶和水果。在寒冷的早晨，一杯热饮品是必要的。

我们必须早起以便有充足的时间吃早餐。一份营养早餐有助于我们更加友善，也有助于我们将工作做得更好，玩得更快乐。

8

In Britain every town has a public library and there are branch libraries in many villages. Anyone may borrow books, and it costs nothing to borrow them. In some places you may borrow as many books as you want, but in others you are limited to a certain number of books for several weeks so that you can have enough time to finish all the books you’ve borrowed.

The latest novels are always in great need, and non-fiction books, such as books on history, science and gardening, are well-loved, too.

If the books you need are out, you may ask for them to be kept for you when they are returned, and if you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will let you know when the books are back and are ready for you.

Most public libraries also have a reading-room there are tables and desks at which you can sit and read the daily newspapers and all the other important periodicals (the weeklies, the monthlies and the quarterlies). In the reference library there are encyclopedias, dictionaries, books of maps and other useful books. But you can only use these books there. You cannot take them out.

在英国，每个乡镇都有公共图书馆，很多乡村有分馆。任何人都可以借阅图书且无需费用。在一些地方，你想借多少本书籍就可以借多少本，但在别处，你几个星期内借阅一定数量的图书是受限制的，这样你有足够的时间来完成你借的所有书籍。

最新小说总有很强的借阅需求，非小说类书籍，如历史，科学和园艺书籍，也深受喜爱。

如果你需要借阅的书籍已借出了，你可以要求他们当该书归还时为你保留，如果你付费发送明信片，图书管理员将告知你书籍什么时候归还的，并为你备妥。

大多数公共图书馆都有一个阅读室，那里有[tables and ？desks]桌子和椅子，你可以坐下来阅读报纸和所有其他重要期刊（周刊，月刊和季刊）。在图书馆的参考室里，有百科全书，字典，地图册和其他有用的书籍。但你只可以在那里使用这些书籍。你不能外借。

9

Every morning Mike goes to work by train. As he has a long trip, he always buys a newspaper. It helps to make the time pass more quickly.

One Tuesday morning, he turned to the sports page. He wanted to read the report about an important football match. The report was so interesting that he forgot to get off at his station. He didn’t know it until he saw the sea. He got off at the next station, and had to wait a long time for a train to go back. Of course, he got to the office very late. His boss was very angry.

每天早晨，Mike坐火车去上班。由于路程漫长，他总是买张报纸。这有助于快速消磨时间。

一个星期二的早上，他翻到了体育版。他想阅读有关一场重要的足球比赛的报道。该报道非常有趣，他到站忘记下车了。直到看到了大海，他才知道过站了。他在下一站下了车，不得不等待很长时间坐车返回。当然，他很晚才到办公室。他的老板非常生气。

10

Molly was the only little girl on her street, but when she was eight years old, another girl came to live in the house opposite hers. The new girl was eight years old too, and her name was Joan. Joan had two brothers. She didn't go to the same school as Molly, but they soon began to play together after school.

One day Joan came home, had her milk and cookies, and then went to Molly’s house. She said to her friend, “Hi Molly, will you come to my house to play? I’ve got a nice new game. ”Molly answered, “I’ve sorry, Joan, but my mother won’t let me play with you today, because your brother George has a bad cold, and she doesn't want me to get it, too.”

“Oh, that’s all right, Molly,” Joan answered quickly. “George isn’t really my brother. He’s my step-brother.” [step-brother继父或者继母的儿子]

Molly是她街区里唯一的小女孩，但是当她8岁时，另一名女孩搬来了，就住在她家对面。新来的女孩也是8岁，她的名字叫Joan。Joan有两个兄弟。她没有在Molly的同一所学校上学，但在放学后，他们很快就开始一起玩了。

有一天，Joan回到家里，吃完牛奶和饼干，然后前往Molly的家。她对她的朋友说，“嗨，Molly，你来我家玩吗？我有一个好玩的新游戏。” Molly回答，“对不起，Joan，今天我的母亲不让我跟你玩了，因为你的兄弟George得了重感冒，她不想让我也得重感冒。”

“哦，没事，Molly，” Joan很快回答。 “George不是我的嫡亲兄弟。他是我的非亲兄弟。”

11

“Daddy, can I learn to play the violin?” young Sarah asked her father. She was always asking for things and her father was not pleased. “You cost me a lot of money, Sarah,” he said. “First you wanted to learn horse riding, then dancing, then swimming. Now it’s violin.” “I’ll play it every day, Daddy,” Sarah said. “I’ll try very hard.” “All right,” her father said. “This is what I’ll pay for you to have lessons for six weeks. At the end of six weeks you must play something for me. If you play well, you can have more lessons. If you play badly, I will stop the lessons.” “OK, Daddy,” Sarah said. “This is fair.”

He soon found a good violin teacher and Sarah began her lessons. The teacher was very expensive, but her father kept his promise.

Six weeks passed quickly. The time came for Sarah to play for her father. She went to the living room and said, “I’m ready to play for you, Daddy.” “Fine, Sarah,” her father said. “Begin.” She began to play. She played very badly. She made a terrible noise. Her father had one of his friends with him, and his friend put his hands over his ears.

When Sarah finished, her father said, “Well done, Sarah. You can have more lessons.” Sarah ran happily out of the room. Her father’s friend turned to him. “You’ve spent a lot of money, but she still plays very badly,” he said. “Well, that’s true,” her father said. “But since she started learning the violin I’ve been able to buy five flats in this building very cheaply. In another six weeks I’ll own the whole building!”

“爸爸，我可以学习拉小提琴吗？”小Sarah问她的父亲。她总是要这要那的，她的父亲很不高兴。 “Sarah，你让我花费很多钱了，”他说。“一开始，你想学骑马，然后想学跳舞，然后想学游泳。现在又想学小提琴。”“爸爸，我会每天都练习的，”Sarah说。“我会尽最大的努力。”“好吧，”她的父亲说。“我将为你支付6周课程的意思是：到6周末，你必须拉给我听听。如果你拉得好，你可以上后面的课程。如果你拉得不好，我将停止后面的课程。”“行，爸爸，”Sarah说。“这是公平的。”

他很快找到了很好的小提琴教师，Sarah就开始了她的课程。学费很昂贵，但她的父亲信守自己的承诺。

六个星期很快就过去了。Sarah向她父亲汇报的时间来到了。她走到客厅，说：“爸爸，我准备好了。”“好吧，Sarah，”她的父亲说。“开始吧。”她开始拉琴。她拉得非常糟糕。她拉出了一种极难听的声响。她父亲的一个朋友也在，他的朋友把双手捂着耳朵。

当Sarah拉完后，她的父亲说：“干得好，Sarah。你可以上后面的课程。”Sarah高兴地跑出了房间。她父亲的朋友转过来，面对他说：“你花了那么多钱，她还是拉得那么糟糕，”“嗯，就是这样子，”她的父亲说。“但自从她开始学习小提琴，我已经在这座大楼里非常便宜地购买了5个单位。再过6个星期，我将拥有整座大楼！”

12

When Mary was fourteen, her mother gave her a beautiful ring. It was a birthday present, and Mary was very pleased. But a week later, she was very sad, because when she was working in the kitchen, she lost the ring. She looked everywhere, but she couldn’t find it. She even looked in the drain outside the kitchen, but the ring was not there.

That evening her brother Tom was eating some cakes. “Who made these cakes?” he said. “They are excellent.”

“I made them,” Mary said. She was pleased that her brother liked them. Mary liked cooking very much.

“Are there any …?” tom started to ask. Then he stopped suddenly. He opened his mouth and took a ring out. “Where did this come from?” he asked. “This is a strange type of cake!”

Mary was pleased. “My ring!” she said. She took it to the kitchen. She washed it and then went back and thanked her brother.

“I’m sorry you had a surprise,” she said, “but thank you very much for finding my ring. I’ll cook some more cakes for you tomorrow as a reward.”

Mary 14岁时，她的母亲给了她一个漂亮的戒指。这是一个生日礼物，Mary感到非常高兴。但一个星期之后，她很伤心，因为当她在厨房里工作时，她丢失去了戒指。她到处都找遍了，但她无法找到它。她甚至查看了厨房外的排水管道，但是戒指不在那儿。

那天晚上，她的兄弟Tom正在吃蛋糕。“这些蛋糕是谁做的？”他说，“太棒啦。”

“我做的，” Mary说。她感到高兴的是她的哥哥喜欢这些蛋糕。Mary很喜欢烹饪。

“什么啊...？”Tom开始问。他突然停了。他张开他的嘴，取出了戒指。 “这是从哪里来的？”他问。 “这是一个奇异的蛋糕！”

Mary很高兴。 “我的戒指！”她说。她拿着戒指进了厨房。她清洗一下，然后回来并向她的兄弟表示感谢。

“对不起，让你受惊了，”她说，“但是非常谢谢你帮我找到了戒指。为了表示感谢，明天我将为你多做一些蛋糕。”

13

Tom is a little boy, and he is only seven years old. One day he went to the cinema. It is the first time for him to do that. He bought a ticket and then went in. but after two or three minutes he came out, bought a second ticket and went in again. After a few minutes he came out and bought a third ticket. Two or three minutes later he came out and asked for another ticket. Then the girl in the ticket office asked him, “Why do you buy so many tickets? How many friends do you meet?” tom answered, “No, I have no friend here. But a big boy always stops me at the door and tears my ticket to pieces.”

Tom是一个小男孩，他只有7岁。有一天，他到戏院看戏。这是他第一次去看戏。他买了票，然后走了进去，但是过了两，三分钟，他出来了，买了第二张票，再次进去。几分钟后他出来买了第三张票。两，三分钟后，他又走了出来，重新要买票。于是，售票处里的女孩问他：“你为什么买这么多票？你遇见了多少朋友？”汤姆回答说： “不，这里没有我朋友。但是在门口，一个大男孩总是挡住我，把我的票撕成碎片。”

14

A detective is a policeman but doesn’t wear a uniform. He works in his ordinary clothes. If he wears a uniform, robbers will know that he is a policeman. Then they will avoid him.

To detect means to “find out”. A detective finds out who does bad things. He can sit in a coffee-shop with other people. He can listen to people talking. Some thieves come, the policemen will catch them.

A detective can go to a football match. He can watch for pick-pockets are people who steal things from other people’s pockets.

A detective must be clever, honest and brave. He works hard and helps to protect us.

侦探是一名警察，但不穿制服。他穿便服工作。如果他穿着制服，匪徒会知道他是一名警察。然后，他们就会避开他。

做侦探意味着“发现”。侦探发现谁做了坏事。他可以与其他人一样坐在咖啡馆里。他可以听人说话。小偷出现了，侦探将抓住他们。

侦探可以到足球比赛场。他可以监视从别人口袋里窃取财物的扒手们。

侦探必须聪明，诚实和勇敢。他努力工作，保护着我们。

15

Dong Jianhua was born in Shanghai in 1937. His father was Dong Haoyun, the king of the ship in Hong Kong. Dong Jianhua was his elder son.

In 1949, he came to Hong Kong with his father. At the age of thirteen, he studied in Zhonghua Middle School. In 1954, he went to England to study the mechanical engineering. Five years later, he received a Bachelor of Science in Liverpool University. Later he went to America and he worked in the General Electrical Company in America.

There he had stayed for ten years. He returned to Hong Kong again in 1969. In Hong Kong, he helped his father do business in shipping and opened an airline from Hong Kong to Europe and America. He never stressed the food or clothing. In his spare time, he likes reading newspapers and studying Chinese history. He also likes sports.

On December 11, 1996, Dong Jianhua was elected the first senior office of Hong Kong. He took office on July 1, 1997.

1937年董建华在上海出生。他的父亲董好运，是香港的船王。董建华是他的大儿子。

1949年，他随父亲来到香港。13岁时，他在中华中学读书。 1954年，他到英国学习机械工程。五年后，他获得英国利物浦大学的理科学士学位。此后，他到美国，在美国GE公司工作。

他在那里呆了十年。他在1969年回到香港。在香港，他帮助父亲做航运业务，开辟香港至欧美航线。他从来不讲究吃穿。在业余时间，他喜欢阅读报纸和学习中国历史。他还喜欢运动。

在1996年12月11日 ，董建华当选为第一任香港特首。他于1997年7月1日 就任。

16

The classroom was very quiet. Twenty-four girls were having a history lesson. They had books open in front of them on their desks, and their teacher was talking to them.

The school was in Poland. The time was 1877. At that time much of Poland was a part of Russia. Children could not learn the history of their own country in school or even use their own language. But the teacher was still teaching Polish history in Polish.

Suddenly the bell rang. Two long rings, two short rings. The girls knew what that meant. Quick hands closed all the Polish books. Four girls ran up and down the classroom and picked them up, and then they ran out through a door with the books. The girls quickly took some sewing from their desks and the teacher got out a Russian book. Just then a Russian official came in, and asked the teacher, “What are you reading to the class?” the teacher said, “Russian stories.” “Now,” he said, “I’d like to ask one of you some questions.” “Manya, please stand up,” the teacher ordered quietly. A little girl stood up. After Manya answered all his questions, the Russian official walked out of the classroom.

The little girl Manya became Madame Curie, the great woman scientist.

教室里非常安静。 24个女孩正在上历史课。在他们面前的课桌上他们打开着书，他们的老师在讲课。

学校在波兰。当时是1877年，波兰的许多地方已沦为俄国的一部分了。在学校里，孩子不能学习自己国家的历史，甚至不能使用自己的母语。但老师仍然用波兰语讲授波兰历史。

突然间铃响了。两声长铃，两声短铃。女孩们知道这意味着什么。双手快速合上所有的波兰书本。四个女孩在教室里跑前跑后，收起书本，然后她们拿着书本从另一扇门跑出去。其他女孩们很快从课桌里取出针线物品，老师很快取出一本俄语书。就在这时，一名俄国官员走了进来，问老师，“你在上什么课？”老师回答，“俄国的故事。”“现在，”他说，“我想问问你们其中的一些问题。”“Manya，请起立，”老师悄悄地下令。一个小女孩站了起来。Manya回答俄国官员的所有问题后，俄国官员离开了教室。

小女孩Manya成为居里 夫人，伟大的女科学家。

17

Mr. Mill arrived at London Airport at the end of a three week holiday in France. He was a man with a beard. Since it was hot there, he took off the beard. But his passport photo showed him with his beard.

An office looked at the photo and him for a moment, and said, “Will you excuse me? Please sit dawn. I shan’t keep you long.” with this, he walked away, showed the photo to a second officer and said, “Do you know that face?” the second officer looked at the passport and asked where Mr. Mill had come from. When he heard that Mr. Mill had just arrived back from Pairs, the second officer smiled and said, “An Englishman with a beard stole a painting in Pairs on Friday. And that man looks just like the kind of man…”

Suddenly, it came to the first officer who Mr. Mill was. He returned to him and asked, “Did you teach at the No.2 Middle School?” when Mr. Mill answered in surprise that he did, the first officer smiled and said, “I though so. I’m Jack Smith. You taught me French. You haven’t changed a bit.”

Mill先生结束在法国为期三周的假期后抵达伦敦机场。他是一个长大胡子的人。由于那里天气炎热，他刮光了胡子。但他的护照照片显示他长大胡子。

一个工作人员一会儿看看他，一会儿看看照片，说：“请原谅，我走开一下。您请坐下，不会让您久等。”于是，他走开了，把照片给另一个工作人员看，并说：“你辨认得出那张脸吗？” 那个工作人员看着护照，并问Mill先生从哪来。当那个工作人员听到Mill先生刚刚从巴黎过来时，他笑着说，“上周五在巴黎，一个长大胡子的英国人偷走了一幅画。而这名男子看起来就像那种人……”

突然，第一个工作人员走向Mill先生。他回到他身旁，问：“你在第二中学教书吗？”就在Mill先生惊讶地回答他是的时侯，第一个工作人员微笑着说，“我想是这样。我是Jack Smith。你教我法语。你没有丝毫变化。”

18

A taxi hit a truck. A policeman spoke to the taxi driver and to the truck driver. He also spoke to Tom. He was a witness.

This is what they said.

Truck driver: I was driving from the airport toward Newton. A car crossed the road, so I slowed down. I did not stop. A taxi hit the back of the truck. Nobody was seriously injured but both cars were damaged.

Car driver: I was driving behind a truck several miles from Newton. The truck stopped suddenly. The driver did not give me a warning. I was driving very slowly. I could not pass the truck because there were two cars coming near from Newton. My taxi hit the truck, and some glass cut my left hand.

Tom: I was watching the traffic about a mile from the airport. A truck was going to Newton. It was not going very quickly. There was a taxi about two hundred feet behind the truck. It was going fast. When the truck slowed down, the taxi hit it. The taxi driver was not looking at the truck. He was looking out of the window at something. My friend saw the accident, too.

Later, Tom’s friend spoke to the policeman and agreed with Tom.

一辆出租车撞上一辆卡车。一名警察向出租车司机和卡车司机询问情况。他也问了Tom。他是个目击者。

下面是他们证词。

卡车司机：我正从机场向Newton道行驶。一辆小轿车横穿马路，所以我放慢车速。我没刹车。出租车追尾卡车。没有人受重伤，但两辆车撞坏了。

出租车司机：我在卡车后面约有几英里驶向牛顿道。卡车突然刹车。卡车司机没有给我一个警示。我行驶得非常慢。我没能超卡车，是因为有两辆车从Newton道驶来。我的出租车撞上了卡车，一些碎玻璃割伤了我的左手。

Tom:我看到了距离机场约一英里的交通事故。一辆卡车驶向Newton道。卡车没有行驶得很快。有一辆出租车在卡车后面约二百英尺。出租车开得飞快。当卡车放慢了车速，出租车就撞了上去。出租车司机当时没注意到卡车减速。他正朝着窗外东张西望。我的朋友也目睹了意外发生。

接着，Tom的朋友向警察提供了赞同Tom的证词。

19

American schools begin in September after a long summer: There are two terms in a school year. The first term is from September to January, and the second is from February to June. Most American children begin to go to school then they finish high school.

High school students take only 4 or 5 subjects each term. They usually go to the same classes, and they have homework for every class. After class they do many interesting things.

After high school, many students go to college. They can go to a small one or a large one. They usually have to pay a lot of money. So many college students work after class to get money for their studies.

长夏过后美国学校在9月开学：每一学年有两个学期。第一学期是从9月至来年1月，第二学期是从2月到6月。大多数美国儿童从小上学，直至他们完成高中学业。

每学期高中学生只需要学4或5种科目。他们通常一起上大课，也有每课的功课。下了课他们参加多种兴趣活动。

高中毕业后，很多学生进入大学。他们可以上小型学院或者大型学院。他们通常要支付很多学费。因此，许多大学生课余勤工俭学。

20

When you are reading something in English. You may often meet a new word. What’s the best the best way to know it?

You may look it up in the English-Chinese dictionary. It will tell you something about the word: the pronunciation, the part of speech, the Chinese meaning and also how to use this word. But how can you know where the word is in thousands of English words? How to find it in a dictionary quickly?

First, all the English words are in the alphabetical order. In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with the letter A then B, C, D, E… That means, if there are two words “do” and “put”, “do” will be certainly before “put”, Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter. Then the third, the forth… for example, “pat” is before “picture”, “bald” before “balloon.”

Do you understand how to look up a word in a dictionary?

The dictionary will be your good friend, I hope you’ll use it as often as possible in your English learning.

当你在看英文读物时。你可能会经常碰到生词。认生词的最佳方法是什么呢？

你可以查英汉词典。词典会告诉你这个词的内容：语音，一部分引语，中文意义，以及如何使用这个词。但是你如何在成千上万的英语单词中查找这个词呢？如何快速在词典中找到它呢？

首先，所有的英文单词按字母顺序排列。在词典中，您可以先看到以字母A开头的单词，然后是B, C, D, E...这意味着，如果有两个单词“do”和“put”，“do”将肯定在“put”之前，如果有两个单词都以相同的字母开头，你可以看第二个字母。依此类推，看第三个，

看第四个......例如，“pat”在“picture”之前，“bald”在“balloon”之前。

你理解怎样查词典了吗？

词典将是你的好朋友，我希望你在英语学习中尽量经常翻翻词典。

21

What are middle school students thinking about these days? It’s a word that starts with “s”. Sunshine, swimming, sports… summer, Yes, that’s it, summer, with sunshine, swimming and sports!

Of course, you can try to make this summer a little bit special. It’s not difficult. There are usually a couple of things that you’re been thinking about doing for a long time, but haven’t done yet. When the summer comes, it’s time to do them! For example, you can join spend sports team, go to a park, fly a kite, lie in the grass, or just spend some time with friends.

Summer is a great time to relax and it can also be a great time to have fun and to learn! You can go to a botanical garden and get to know 5 or 6 different plants or flowers. If you have planned for a summer trip with your family, it will be exciting to write down the details of your trip along with your photos. And it you prefer to stay indoors, you can learn to make some easy crafts, such as paper cups, brown paper bags, or cool cards. You can make some birthday gifts to give on your friends’ birthday!

It’s hard to say what is the best way to spend the summer, just do something new that you haven't done before.

现今什么是中学生所想的？有一个以“s”开头的词语。阳光，游泳，运动...夏天，是的，就是这样，夏天，充满阳光，尽情游泳和运动！

当然，你可以尝试使这个夏天特别一点。这并不困难。通常有一两件事是你一直想做，但没做的。夏天来临，正是做它们的时候！例如，你可以参加运动队，去公园，放风筝，躺在草地上，或者只与朋友一起共度。

夏天是一个休闲的好时光，也是一个娱乐和学习的好时光！你可以到植物园，了解5，6种不同的植物或花卉。如果你计划与你的家人一起夏季旅行，用照片记录一些你们的旅行细节，这将是令人兴奋的。如果你喜欢留在家里，你可以学做一些简易工艺品，比如，纸杯，牛皮纸袋，或者酷酷的卡片。你还可以给你朋友做一些生日礼物！

很难说什么是度过夏天的最好方式，只要做一些你以前没做过的新鲜事就行。

22

There would be a school party on Friday evening. The girls were talking about what they were going to wear.

“I’m going to wear a black dress, so everybody will notice me,” said Emily. “How about you, Linda?”

“I’m not sure. May be jeans, an old skirt, and a hat. People will notice me more than you!” Linda said.

“What are we going to do about the boys?” asked Jane. “Do you remember the last school party last year? They just stood there, and we girls had to by ourselves!”

“I heard that some of the boys learned how to dance better this summer. Maybe it’ll be better this time,” said Mary.

The party was held in Friday evening. Groups of students arrived. The music began. The girls stood in a line in one side, and to boys in another side. Mr. Green, their teacher, tried to get them together, but failed. After a while Tim said, “I don’t want to stand here the whole time. The party is only for two hours. It’ll be over soon.” He started to dance. All the others watched him. Then David asked Emily if she wanted to dance. Then Jack and Linda. Then, all began to dance. Soon there were more dancers then watchers.

星期五晚上将举行一次校园聚会。姑娘们都在谈论她们准备穿些什么。

“我会穿黑色礼服，这样大家会注意我，”埃米莉说， “琳达，你会穿什么？”

“我不清楚。可能是牛仔裤，旧裙子，一顶帽子。与你相比，人们会更注意我！”琳达说。

“说起男生，我们到底要做些什么？”简问。 “你记得去年校园聚会吗？他们只是站在那里，我们女生不得不自娱自乐！”

玛丽说：“我听说，今年夏天男生中的一些人学习了如何更好地跳舞。也许这次情况将会好一点。”

聚会在星期五晚上举行。学生们成群结队而来。音乐响起。女生们站在线的一边，男生站在线的的另一边。他们的老师，格林先生，试图让他们站在一起，但没有成功。过了一会，蒂姆说：“我可不想全部时间里只站在这里。聚会仅仅两个小时。它会很快结束的。 “他开始跳舞。所有的人看着他。接着，大卫邀请埃米莉是否愿意一起跳舞。然后，杰克和琳达。然后，都开始跳舞。不久，起舞者比站观者多了。

23

At the end of a busy week, I was anxious because I didn’t have a “how to” speech for my class. My ride home was leaving immediately after the class, and I hadn’t packed yet. Then I thought of a solution for both problems.

Rushing back to my room, I threw everything I needed into my traveling bag and ran to class hurriedly. When I was asked to speak, I carried my bag to the front of the room and put it on the table. All the disorderly things in the bag went out suddenly.

“This is not the way to pack a bag,” I said. I then explained the right way to pack clothing and books, showing clearly as I went along. By the time my speech was finished, my traveling bag was packed. I received an “A” for my speech and didn’t miss my ride home.

在一个繁忙的周末，我因为没有准备好题为“如何”的课上发言而发愁。我回家的班车会在课后很快离站的，可我还没有整理完毕。稍顷，我想出了这两个问题的解决方案。

我赶回寝室，我把所需的东西统统塞进旅行包，而后匆匆跑去上课。轮到我发言了，我提着旅行包来到教室前方，再把包放在桌上。包里所有未整理的东西一下子都“跑”了出来。

“这不是收拾行李包的方法，”我说。然后我解释了收拾衣物和书籍的正确的方式，同时我清晰地演示操作。到我发言完毕时，我的旅行包也整理完毕。我的发言得了一个“A”级分，并且没有耽误搭车回家。

24

Many people go to school for me education. They learn languages, history, politics, geography, physics, chemistry and mathematics. Others go to school to learn skills in order to make a living. School education is very important and useful. Yet, no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, can not teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. So, much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves.

It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to remember some facts or a formula. It is actually quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in mathematics. But it is very difficult to use a formula in working out a math problem. Great scientists before us didn’t get everything from school. Their teachers only showed them the way. Edison didn’t even finish primary school. But they were all so successful. He invented so many things for human being. The reason for their success is that they know how to study. They read books that were not taught at school. They would ask many questions as they read. They did thousands of experiments. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. Most important is that they knew how to use their train.

很多人去学校接受教育。他们学习语文，历史，政治，地理，物理，化学和数学。也有部分人去学校学习技能，以便谋生。学校教育是非常重要的，非常实用的。然而，人不可能从学校学到每样东西。一位老师，无论他知道多少知识，都不可能讲授给学生们所想知道的每样东西。教师的工作是给学生讲授如何学习。他讲授如何阅读和如何思考。所以，更多的是由学生自己在校外学习。

知道如何通过自己的研习，比起死记一些事例或公式总是更重要的。其实学习一个历史事件或某一个数学公式很容易。不过运用一个数学公式解答数学问题却是非常困难的。我们面前的科学伟人并不是从学校里学到一切的。他们的老师仅仅给他们讲授读书方法。

爱迪生甚至没有念完小学。但他们都非常成功。他为人类发明了这么多事情的人。他们获得成功的原因是他们知道如何去学习。他们读了不止在学校学到的书籍。他们在阅读的同时还会提出许多问题。他们做过数以千计的实验。他们辛劳一生，没有浪费过一分一秒。最重要的是他们知道如何使用自己的经验。

25

“Cool” is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to describe a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the world “cool” has had many different meanings.

“Cool” can be used to describe feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say, “It’s cool.” you may think, “He’s so cool”, when you see your favorite footballer.

What's more, you can use “cool” instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”. Here’s an interesting story to show the way the word is used. A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall they had visited. On one student’s paper was just one sentence, “It’s so cool.” maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.

But in fact, many other words can make your life as colorful as the word “cool”. And I think they are also very cool, too.

“酷”是一个多义词。本义是用来形容一个有点冷的温度。由于时代的发展变化，世间的“酷”已经有许多不同的含义。

“酷”，可以用来描述对几乎所有的东西感兴趣的感觉。当你在街上看到一辆名车时，也许你会说，“这很酷。”，当你看到你喜欢的足球运动员时，你可能认为“他太酷了”。

更重要的是，你可以使用“酷”代替许多词语，如“新”或“令人惊讶”。这里有一个有趣的故事，以显示该单词的使用方式。老师要求学生们就观赏过的瀑布作文。在一个学生的作文里只有一句话，“这太酷了。”也许他觉得这是最好的方式来展示他所看到和感受到的。

但事实上，很多其他词汇也能描述你的生活如同“酷”字一样的丰富多彩。而且我认为他们也非常酷。

26

Mr. Jenkins is fifty years old. He’s taught math in a middle school for twenty-six years. He works hard and always comes to his office on time. He hopes his students will be honest and he is strict with them. Some of his students have become to him. Of course the man is proud of them.

This term he began to teach Grade One. Some of the new students were told about him, but the others didn’t know about him. On the first day of school he told the students how to be an honest person. He gave them some examples and said, “I don’t like telling a lie.” Before class was over, he told all his students to finish Exercise 8 in Lesson 1.

The next morning, as soon as he came into the classroom, he asked, “Who’s finished Exercise 8 in Lesson 1.”

The students had a look at their workbooks and their faces turned red at once.

詹金斯先生50岁。他在中学执教数学26年了。他工作努力，总是准时上班。他希望他的学生们诚实守信并对他们严格要求。他的学生有的已成为他那样。当然，他为此感到骄傲。

这个学期，他开始教一年级。一些新生听说过他，但其余的都不认识他。在开学第一天，他告诉学生如何做一个诚实守信的人。他给他们举了一些例子，说：“我不喜欢说谎的。”下课之前，他布置全体学生完成第1课练习8。

第二天早晨，他一走进教室就问：“谁完成了第1课练习8。”

学生们看了看他们的作业簿，他们的脸一下子变红了。

27

Do you know how to play a game called “Musical Chairs”? It is easy to play and most people and some way of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument, if someone can play it. You may use a tape-recorder. You can even use a radio.

Put the chairs in a row. The chairs may be put in twos, back to back. A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chair facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.

The game is easy. When the music starts, the players walk round the chairs. Every one goes in the same direction, of course. They should walk in time to the music. If the music is fast they should walk quickly. If the music is slow, they should walk slowly.

The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. When the music stops, the players try to sit on the chairs. If a person cannot find a chair to sit on, he drops out. Then, before the music stops again, one more player will be out.

At last, there will be two players and one chair! The one who sits on the chair when the music when the music stops is the winner.

你知道如何玩耍名叫“音乐椅”的游戏吗？这是很容易玩的，大多数人游戏及小部分人播放音乐。如果有人会弹奏，可以使用一架钢琴或任何其他乐器。你也可以使用一个录音机。你甚至可以使用收音机。

把椅子排成一排。椅子需背对背成双摆放。一个更好的办法是把椅子面对面一把挨一把地摆放成一行。

这个游戏是容易玩的。当音乐开始，游戏者轮着椅子转圈。每个人按同一个方向走，当然，他们应该跟着音乐走。如果音乐节奏快，他们应该快走。如果音乐节奏慢，他们应该慢慢走。

播放音乐的人不可以看到游戏中的人。当音乐停止时，游戏者设法坐在椅子上。如果有人不能找到椅子坐下，他就出局了。然后，在音乐停止之前，会有更多的游戏者出局。

最后，将有两名游戏者，一把椅子！当音乐停止时，一个坐到椅子上的人就是赢家。

28

Chinese children are very obedient. In China, children are taught to obey and respect their parents, teachers and elders. But children is Western counties do not obey every time.

Most parents and teachers in the West expect some bad behavior in children. They expect to see it in teenagers as they are becoming adults.

In China students stand respectfully when they answer questions from the teacher. In the West they don’t stand and often several answer the teacher’s questions at the same time. This sometimes makes the classroom noisy and hard to control. But students in these classrooms can also have good talks about interesting ideas. Not all the ideas come from the teacher.

Is it good to be an obedient child at all times? Do you sometimes feel that your parents are being unfair when they ask you to do something? Perhaps the answer is somewhere between the two days-the Western way and the Chinese way. If you disagree sometimes, it might be a good way to speak out your ideas politely. That was your parents or teachers can listen and perhaps learn to see your point of view. So you can disagree sometimes as long as you do so politely and with respect.

中国孩子很听话。在中国，儿童被教导要服从和尊重他们的父母，老师和长辈。但是西方国家的儿童不都是这样。

在西方大多数家长和老师期望发现孩子们的一些不良行为，他们希望在青少年阶段发现这些，因为孩子们正在成长为成年人。

在中国，当老师提问时，学生需恭敬地站着回答。在西方，学生不必站着，往往会在同时有几个人回答老师的提问。有时候这样会使课堂嘈杂和难以控制。但是，在这些教室里的学生可以对感兴趣的想法作活跃的讨论。并非所有的观点都来自于老师。

在任何时候都听话的孩子是一个好孩子吗？当你父母要求你做某事，有时候你会感觉到他们的要求不太公平吗？也许答案是介于上述两种，中国式和西方式。如果有时候你不同意，有礼貌地说出你的想法可能是一个好的方式。这样，你的父母或老师听过后，也许能采纳你的观点。因此，只要你这样，有礼貌地和尊重地行事，有时候你可以持不同意见。

29

Jack went to school to study history. But when he finished his first year, he didn’t pass the exam and the teacher said to him, “You have to leave school.”

When the boy’s father heard the news, he was worried. He came to the school to see the teacher. He found the teacher in the office and asked the teacher to let Jack study in school the next year.

“He is a good boy. He always does well in history.” said Jack’s father, “He will do better next year and pass the exam.”

“No, no, that is not right!” answered the teacher, “Last month I asked him, 'When did Napoleon die?’ and he didn’t know.”

“Please sir, give him another chance,” said Jack’s father, “You know we don’t have any newspapers in our house, so nobody on our family knew that Napoleon was ill.”

杰克去学校学习历史。但是，当他学完了第一年，他没有通过考试，老师对他说：“你必须退学。”

当男孩的父亲听到这个消息，他担心起来。他来到学校见老师。他在办公室里见到了老师，并请求老师让杰克明年能在学校学习。

“他是一个好孩子。他学历史一直很认真。”杰克的父亲说，“明年他会更努力，并通过考试。“

“不，不，不是这样！”老师回答说：“上个月，我问他，'拿破仑什么时候死的？'，而他不知道。”

“对不起，老师，再给他一次机会吧，”杰克的父亲说，“要知道在我们家里没有任何报纸，所以我们家没有人知道拿破仑病了。”

30

A middle school organized a “No TV Week” programme. All the teachers, parents and students worked together for this programme and most of them found it to be a very good one. The headmaster said, “The idea was not to stop watching TV completely but for the students just to find how much time they watch TV and try to use this time for other things.”

What did the students say about this “No TV Week”? One boy said, “I can’t believe I haven’t watched TV for a week, but it’s been fun doing it. ”A girl student said, “I’m going to give up all TV programme except for 'Our Animal World’ and other language-teaching programme. I’m really pleased that I have more time to do things like walking and thinking. I enjoy this 'No TV Week’ very much……”But not all the students thought it was good. Here one student said something different, “I don’t like 'No TV Week’ because I like watching TV. I have lots of favourite programmes and I don’t want to miss them. But we have to do it.”

一所中学组织了一次“无电视周”活动。所有的老师，家长和学生一起参与其中，大部分参与者发现这是一个非常好的活动。校长说：“这个想法不是完全禁止学生观看电视，而是为了调查他们多少时间用于看电视，并尝试使用这些时间做其他事情。”

有关这个“无电视周”学生们说了些什么呢？一个男生说：“真不敢相信我一个星期没有看过电视，但我一直乐在其中。”一个女生说：“除了'我们的动物世界'和其他语言教学节目，我将放弃所有的电视节目。我真的很高兴，我有更多的时间做其它事情，比如散步和思考。我非常喜欢这个'无电视周'... ... ”但是，并非所有的学生都认为这是好的。这里有位学生说了一些不同的看法，“我不喜欢'无电视周'，因为我喜欢看电视。我有很多十分喜爱的节目，我不想错过它们。但是，我们不得不这样做。”

31

When you are reading something in English, you may often come across a new word. What’s the best way to know it?

You may look it up in the English-Chinese Dictionary. It will tell you a lot about the word: the pronunciation, the part of speech, the Chinese meaning and also how to use this word. But how can you know where the word is in thousands of English words? How to find it in the dictionary both quickly and correctly?

First, all the English words are arranged in the alphabetical order. In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with the letter A, then B, C, D, E… That means if there are two words “desert” and “pull”, “desert” will be certainly before “pull”. Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter. Then the third, the fourth…For example, “pardon” is before “plough”, “judge” before “just”, etc.

Do you understand how to look up a word in a dictionary?

The dictionary will be your good friend. I hope you’ll use it as often as possible in your English learning.

当你在看英文读物时。你可能会经常碰到生词。认生词的最佳方法是什么呢？

你可以查英汉词典。词典会告诉你这个词的内容：语音，一部分引语，中文意义，以及如何使用这个词。但是你如何在成千上万的英语单词中查找这个词呢？如何快速在词典中找到它呢？

首先，所有的英文单词按字母顺序排列。在词典中，您可以先看到以字母A开头的单词，然后是B, C, D, E...这意味着，如果有两个单词“desert”和“pull”，“desert”将肯定在“pull”之前，如果有两个单词都以相同的字母开头，你可以看第二个字母。依此类推，看第三个，

看第四个......例如，“pardon”在“plough”之前，“judge”在“just”之前。

你理解怎样查词典了吗？

词典将是你的好朋友，我希望你在英语学习中尽量经常翻翻词典。

32

A good way to pass an exam is to work hard every day. You may not pass an exam if you don’t work hard for most time and then work hard only a few days before the exam.

If you are taking an English exam, do not only learn rules of grammar. Try to read stories in English and speak English whenever you can.

Before you start the exam, read carefully over the question paper. Try to understand the exact meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to write. When you have at last finished your exam, read over your answer. Correct the mistakes if there are any and make sure that you have not missed anything out.

一个通过考试的好方法是每天认真学习。如果你大部分时间不认真学习，只在考试前几天突击，你不大可能通过考试的。

如果你正面临英语考试，不是仅仅只去复习语法规则。尝试阅读英文故事，只要你能就朗读出来。 在你考试开头时，仔细阅读试卷上的问题。在你动笔答题之前，尝试了解每个问题确切含义。当你考试结束时，复查你的答案，如果有错误就纠正，并确认你没有遗漏答题。

33

All students need to have good study habits. When you have good study habits, you learn things quickly. You also remember them easily.

Do you like to study in the living room? This is not a good place, because it is usually too noisy. You need to study in a quiet place, like bedroom. A quiet place will help you only to think about one thing.

When you study, do not think about other things at the same time. Only think about your homework. If you do this, you will do your homework more quickly, and you will make fewer mistakes.

Good study habits are very important. If you do not have them, try to learn them. If yours are already good, try to make them better.

所有学生应该养成良好的学习习惯。当你养成了良好的学习习惯，你学习新事物会很快，还很容易记忆。

你喜欢在客厅里学习吗？这不是一个合适的地方，因为那地方太吵杂了。你需要一个安静的地方学习，比如卧室。一个安静的地方会帮助你只去想一件事。

当你学习时，在同一时间不要考虑其他的事情。只去关注你的功课。如果你这样做，你做功课会更快，也会少犯错误。良好的学习习惯是非常重要的。如果你没有，尽量培养起来。如果你已经很好了，尽量做得更好。

34

There should be no weekend homework for us. Five days given to school are enough for the modern students, who have many other interests. With homework for Sunday, when can we find time to help around the house, join in a football or basketball game or a good film, or just rest? Because of all these other activities, weekend homework in usually not done until Sunday night. It is often done so poorly that on Monday teachers scold the whole class of students who have no idea of what the learned lessons are about. Without homework for the weekends, students could go to school on Monday well rested and willing to study. Teachers, don’t you agree with us?

对我们而言应该没有周末的家庭作业。现在的学生5天时间在学校已足够，学生们还有很多其他兴趣。如果有星期日功课，我们什么时候可以有时间去帮着做家务，去参加一个足球比赛或一个篮球比赛或去看一场好电影，或者就去休息呢？由于所有这些其他活动，周末功课通常直到周日晚上才完成。这样往往是草草了事的，以至于星期一老师责骂全班学生对所学的东西一点也不懂。如果没有周末功课，学生们星期一上学能精神饱满和更有求知欲。老师，你是否赞同呢？

[ have no idea of 对...一点也不知道, 完全不知道 ]

[have not the slightest idea of 对...一点也不知道, 完全不知道 ]

35

In China today, computers are very popular. Many people, men and women, old and young, want to learn computer.

In many schools there are computer classrooms. Computers are very useful. For example, students can do their mathematics with a computer. The computer writes questions on the screen in front of the students, and the students answer on their keyboards.

Students can also learn a foreign language with a computer. The computer giver lessons in pronunciation, grammar and the correct usage of words and phrases.

Students know a lot about computer now. For example, they can use Basic to make up some useful programmes. They can use WPS to write compositions, and they can also use Foxbase to set up data.

在今天的中国，电脑很受欢迎。很多人想学习电脑，其中包括男人和妇女，老人和年轻人。

在很多学校有电脑教室。电脑是非常有用的。例如，学生们可以使用电脑做数学题。在学生们面前，电脑屏幕显示题目，学生们通过键盘输入答题。

学生们还可以使用电脑学习一门外语。电脑提供的课程包括语音，语法，词汇和短语的正确用法。

现在学生们了解到很多有关电脑的知识。例如，他们可以使用Basic语言编写一些有用的程序。他们可以使用WPS写作文，他们还可以使用Foxbase建立数据库。

36

Most dictionaries will tell you a number of things about a language. There are three important things. These three things are spelling, pronunciation and meanings.

First, a dictionary will tell you the spelling of a word. If you are not sure about the spelling of a word, you can try to find the correct spelling in a dictionary. Words are listed in alphabetical order-a, b, c and so on. For example, on a dictionary page the word “poor”-p, o, o, r-comes before “poverty”-p, o, v, e, r, t, y-and the word “poverty” comes before the word “power”-p, o, w, e, r. The words are always given in alphabetical order.

The second thing, a dictionary will tell you pronunciation. Most dictionaries give phonetic or sound alphabet. The phonetic spelling will tell you how a word in pronounced. There are a few different phonetic alphabets. Many dictionaries use the International Phonetic Alphabet to show pronunciation.

The third thing, a dictionary will tell you the meanings of words. You can look up a word and find out what it means. Many words have more than one meaning, good dictionary will tell you all of the word’s meanings. For example, in English the common word “get” has over 20 different meanings.

大多数字典会告诉你有关语言的一系列内容。有三个重要的方面。这三个方面是拼写，发音和含义。

首先，字典会告诉你一个单词的拼写。如果你不能确定一个单词的拼写，你可以尝试在词典中查到正确的拼写。单词是按字母顺序a, b, c等排列的。例如，在字典页面上，单词 “poor” -p, o, o, r列在单词“poverty”-p, o, v, e, r, t, y之前，单词“poverty”列在单词“power”-p, o, w, e, r之前。单词一定是按字母顺序排列的。

第二点，字典会告诉你发音。大多数字典注明语音或声音字母。语音拼写会告诉你单词如何去发音。还有几个不同的语音字母。许多字典使用国际音标显示发音。

第三点，字典会告诉你单词的含义。你可以查找一个单词，并找出它的意思。许多单词有多个意义，高阶的字典会告诉你这个词的全部含义。例如，普通单词“get”在英语里拥有超过20种不同的含义。

37

Many people always say that listening to spoken English is too hard for them. But if you don’t understand what people are saying, how can you talk with them? It may he difficult, but learning by listening is necessary. It can be done.

As we know, different people have different pronunciations of the same word. Standard pronunciation is important for English speaking as well as for listening. In China, people from one area may not understand what people from another area are saying because of the different Chinese dialects. Standard Chinese pronunciation can help people from different places understand each other easily.

It is the same with English. If your pronunciation is not standard, it is as hard for other people to understand you as it is for you to understand them.

If you want to learn how to listen to English, the following ways are helpful.

Get some good books with tapes. Do the exercises, from the simple to the difficult, step by step.

You can also watch English-language films, listen to English-language radio and TV programmers.

Try to listen every day, even if only for a few minutes. At first you may understand few words. Don’t give up. Just listen.

Remember to read and speak English every day. It will help you to listen better. Everyday, spend an hour reading English. Finally you will notice that you’re making progress.

Talk to English-speaking foreigners as often as possible. Foreigners will speak more slowly with you, use simple words, and use body language to help you understand them. Don’t be afraid to talk to them. They won’t mind because they may have more trouble making themselves understood in Chinese.

很多人都说英语听说太难了。但是，如果你不明白别人说什么，你怎么能与他们交谈呢？这可能是困难的，但是通过听来学习是必要的。这是可以做到。

我们知道，不同的人对同一个词有不同的发音。标准的发音对英语听说而言一样是重要的。在中国，来自某一地区的人可能因为不同的中国方言而不明白来自另一地区的人在说什么。标准的中文发音可以帮助来自不同地区的人很容易相互理解。

这一点是与英国相同的。如果你的发音不标准，就很难让他人理解你，同样很难让你了解他们。

如果您想学习如何听英语，以下方法是有帮助的。

获取几本带有磁带的好教材。做练习，从易到难，一步一步来。

你也可以看英语电影，收听英语广播和收看英语电视节目。

尝试每天听，哪怕只是仅仅几分钟。起初你可能只明白几句话。不要放弃。继续听下去。

请记住每天说英语，读英语。这将帮助你提高听力。每天花一个小时读英语。最后你会感觉到自己正在进步。

尽可能经常与以英语为母语的老外对话。老外会和你说得很慢，用简单的话，用身体语言来帮助你理解。不要怕与他们交谈。他们不会介意的，因为他们若用中文理解可能会有更多的麻烦。

38

Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, and in particular their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is quite often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and them they can only go to their friends for advice.

It is very important for teenagers to have one good friends or a circle of friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can discuss something difficult to say to their family members.

However, parents often try to choose their children’s friends for them. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is an interesting one. Have you ever thought of the following questions?

Who chooses you friends?

Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?

Have you got a good friend your parents don’t like?

Your answers are welcome.

许多青少年觉得，在他们生活中最重要的人是他们的朋友。他们认为，他们的家庭成员，特别是他们的父母，不如他们的朋友们那样理解他们。在大家庭中，兄弟姐妹互相争吵的事频繁发生，而他们只有去他们的朋友那里倾诉。

对青少年而言，有一个好朋友或一个朋友圈，是很重要的。即使他们不在一起的时候，他们之间往往花很多时间在电话上交谈。在儿童的成长过程中，这种沟通是非常重要的，因为朋友们可以谈的事，很难与他们的家庭成员谈。

不过，家长们往往试图为孩子选择他们的朋友。有些家长甚至阻止孩子与他们的好朋友见面。“选择”的问题是一个有趣的问题。你有没有思考过下列问题？

谁选择你的朋友？

你选择过朋友或你的朋友选择过你吗？

你有没有一个你的父母不喜欢的好朋友吗？

欢迎你的回答。

39

Life is not easy, so I’d like to say, ”When anything happens, believe in yourself.”

When I was 14, I was too nervous to talk to anyone. My classmates often laughed at me. I was sad but could do nothing. Later, something happened. It changed my life. It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a wonderful idea! It meant I had to speak in front of all the teachers and students of my school.

“Come on, boy. Believe in yourself. You are sure to win.” Then, Mother and I talked about many different topics. At last I chose the topic “Believe in yourself”, I tried my best to remember all the speech and practiced it over 100 times. With my mother’s great love, I did well in the contest. I could not believe my ears when the news came that I had won the first place. I heard the cheers from the teachers and students and those classmates who once looked down upon me, now all said “Congratulations!” to me. My mother hugged me and cried excitedly.

Since then everything has changed for me. When I do anything, I will find myself. This is true not only for a person but also for a country.

生活是不容易的，所以我想说，“无论发生什么事，相信自己。”

当我14岁时，我与任何人说话都很紧张。我的同学经常嘲笑我。我除了伤心还是伤心。后来，发生了一些事。它改变了我的生活。这是一个英语演讲比赛。妈妈鼓励我去参加。多么美妙的主意！这意味着我不得不在我校所有的老师和学生面前开口说话。

“来吧，孩子。相信自己。您肯定会赢。”于是，我和母亲讨论了很多不同的主题。最后我选择的题目是“相信自己”，我尽全力记住所有的演讲内容，操练了100次以上。在伟大母爱的支持下，我在比赛中表现出色。当消息传来，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵，我赢得了第一名。我听到了来自老师和同学，包括那些曾经看低我的同学的欢呼声，现在所有人对我说：“祝贺！”。我母亲拥抱着我，热泪盈眶。

从那时起，对我而言一切都改变了。当我做任何事，我都有自信心。这是真的，不仅适用于个人，也是适用于一个国家。

40

Dear Editor(编辑):

I am not a good-looking boy and I’m not good at studying, either. Some people don’t even want to talk to me. So I usually feel lonely. Sometimes I think that if I wanted to leave home, nobody would care. How can I stop feeling like this?

Peter

Dear Peter,

Without knowing more about you, it is hard for me to give you some good advice.

But first, I am sure that you are wrong that nobody would care if you left home. What about your parents? And other family members? It seems that you are very sad. You’d better go to see a doctor or talk to your parents. They will be able to help you.

Secondly, I’m sure there’s someone in your class who feels lonely, too. You never know how other people feel inside. Try to make friends with them.

Or you may join a club to meet new people and to keep yourself busy. You need to find happiness in yourself. Write a list of all the good things about yourself, learn to like yourself, and them others will see your confidence and like you, too.

Editor

亲爱的编辑：

我是一个不帅的男孩，我也不善长于学习。有些人甚至不愿意和我说话。所以，我常常感到孤独。有时候我想，如果我离家出走，没有人会觉察到。我如何才能摆脱这种感觉呢？

彼得

亲爱的彼得，

由于对你了解不多，我很难给你一些好的建议。

但首先，我相信你有错误，那就是如果你离家出走没有人会觉察。你的父母会怎么样？其他家庭成员呢？看来你很可悲。你最好去看医生或者与你的父母谈一谈。他们一定能帮你。

第二，我敢肯定你的班上也有感到孤独的。你永远不了解其他人内心的感受。尝试跟他们交朋友。

或者你可以加入一个俱乐部，结识新朋友，或者你可以使自己忙忙碌碌的。你需要自己去找寻快乐。写一份关于自己的所有喜好的列表，学会喜欢自己，别人将看到你的自信状态，也将喜欢你。

编辑

41

Have you ever been ill? When you are ill, you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot, and there are pains (疼痛) all over your body. You don’t want to work; you stay in bed, feeling very sad.

What makes us ill? It is germs (细菌).

Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can’t find them with your eyes, but you can see them with a microscope (显微镜). They are very, very small and there could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.

Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.

Germs aren’t found only in water. They are found in air and dust. If you cut your finger, and if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut, some of the germs would go into your finger. Your finger would become big and red, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs would go into all of your body, and you would have pain everywhere.

你生过病吗？当你生病时，你一定会因为你的身体在发热而不舒服，同时周身疼痛。你不想去工作，你躺在床上，感觉很难受。

是什么导致我们生病的？是病菌。

细菌无处不在。它们非常小的，你用肉眼看不到，但你可以使用显微镜找到它们。它们非常，非常小，在一个极小的东西上，可能有上百个。

细菌总是在脏水里发现。当我们在显微镜下观察脏水，我们会看到它们。所以，你的父母不允许你喝脏水。

细菌不仅仅在水里发现，在空气中，在灰尘里也被发现。如果你划破了手指，如果一些来自地面的灰尘进入伤口，一些细菌将会进入你的手指。你的手指将变得又红又肿，你将感到那里很痛。有时候，细菌会进入你的全身，你会感到疼痛无处不在。

42

During the day we work and play, at night we sleep. Our body rests while we sleep. In the morning we are ready to work and play again. Our body grows most while we are asleep. Children who are tired usually need more sleep. We can get at our lessons better, after we have had plenty of rest. Boys and girls who are eight or nine years old need ten hours of sleep every night. Our body needs plenty of air when we sleep. If we do not get enough fresh air, we will feel tired when we wake up. While in bed we must not cover our heads. Our lungs(肺) need to get enough fresh air. If we open our window at night, we can have plenty of fresh air. Cool air is better than warm air. Boys and girls who want to be strong must get plenty of fresh air.

白天我们工作和娱乐，晚上我们睡觉。我们在睡觉的同时，我们的肌体在休整。到了早晨，我们又准备去工作和娱乐了。肌体主要在我们睡眠状态下生长。疲倦的孩子通常需要更多的睡眠。在我们有了充足的休息之后，我们能提高学习效率。八，九岁的男孩和女孩们需要每天晚上睡10小时。我们睡觉时，肌体需要大量的空气。如果我们没有得到足够的新鲜空气，醒来时，我们会感到疲倦。在床上我们不能蒙住头睡。我们的肺需要得到足够的新鲜空气。如果我们在夜间开着窗户，我们可以得到大量新鲜空气。凉爽的空气比温热的空气有益。想要健康的男孩和女孩们必须得到大量的新鲜空气。

43

Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.

First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favourite food, but you had better ear something different. If you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients your body needs.

Second, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you’re really thirsty, cold water is the No.1 choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium your body needs to grow strong bones.

Third, listen to your body. When you are eating, notice how your body feels and when you stomach feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you fat.

Fourth, limit screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can’t watch TV for more than two hours a day.

Fifth, be active. One thing you’d like to do as a kid i to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day.

Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.

嗨，亲爱的男孩和女孩！你知道怎样做一个健康的孩子吗？下面是一些你应该遵循的规则。

第一，要吃不同的食物，特别是蔬菜和水果。你可能有自己很喜爱的食物，但是你最好吃不同的食物。如果你吃不同的食物，你可能会得到更多你身体所需的营养。

其次，要尽可能地常喝的牛奶和水。当你真的渴了，凉水是第一选择。牛奶是一种有益的饮料，可以给你提供更多肌体所需的钙质促进骨骼强健生长。

第三，要听从你的身体。当你吃饭时，请注意你的身体感觉如何，请注意你的胃感到饱适的时候。吃得太多会让你感到不舒服，并且会使你发胖。

第四，要限制屏幕时间。屏幕时间是指你看电视，DVD和视频，或使用电脑的时候。最好是进行体锻活动，例如打篮球，骑自行车和游泳。你每天看电视不可以超过两小时。

第五，要积极向上。有一件事情希望你做一做，就是找到你作为一个孩子最喜欢的活动。要想办法每天充满活力。

遵循这些规则，你可以成为一个健康的孩子。

44

Every year, over40，000 secondary students in Britain run a business. “Each business runs for one year,” said Ben, one of the group of students visiting Shanghai. “When we started our business, we borrowed money from parents and friends. At the end of the year, these people will receive some of the profits.” I asked Ben whether running a business was difficult. He said that it was no problem. He said that they always received a lot of advice from teachers and business people.

Another member of the group, Regina, told me the four questions they always asked themselves. The questions are:

1.  What do people want to buy?

2. Where is a good place to sell our product?

3. How is our product better than other products?

4. How much is our product?

I was also very much interested in how the group was organized. Regina said that there were usually about five to seven students in each business and among them are one manager and one accountant. I asked them who was the manager. “I am, of course,” said Regina. “It was my idea to produce picture books,” she said. “Other groups in our school sell things like T-shirts, videos and computer games,” said Ben.

“How much money do the businesses usually make?” I asked. “Some businesses make $20,000-$30,000, but most groups make a small profit of about $1,000-3,000,” said Regina. I asked them what they did with the profits. “We can do what we like with the profits.” However, Regina told me that it was important not to waste the money. She always told the other groups to give the money to charity.

Most students enjoy running a business and all the students said that they had learnt a lot.

每年，有超过40，000名的英国中学生经营一项生意。 “每一个生意运行一年，”一位访问上海的学生团队成员Ben如是说， “当我们开始业务之初，我们向父母和朋友借了钱。截至年底，他们将获得一些红利。 “我问Ben 经营一项生意是否是困难的。他说这是没有问题的。他说他们总是得到许多来自老师和商界人士提供的建议。

另一个团队成员Regina，向我介绍了他们总是问自己的四个问题。这些问题是：

1。什么东西是人想购买的？

2。哪里是销售我们产品的好地方？

3。怎样使我们的产品优于其他产品？

4。我们的产品标价多少？

我也对团队是如何运作的十分感兴趣。Regina说，每个业务通常约有5至7名学生，其中有一位经理和一名会计师。我问他们谁当经理呢。Regina说： “当然是我咯”她说，“这是我的创意去生产图画书的”。 Ben说， “我们学校的其他团队销售的东西有如T恤，录像和电脑游戏。“

我问：“所做的生意通常能盈利多少呢？“ Regina回答：“有些生意盈利$20,000 - $ 30,000，但大多数团队赚取约$1,000-3,000小利润。“ 我问他们用这些利润做些什么事情。 “我们可以用这些利润做我们喜欢的事情。 “不过，Regina告诉我说，重要的是不要浪费金钱。她一直号召其他团队一起把钱捐入慈善机构。

大多数学生乐于经营一项生意，并且所有的学生都说他们学到了很多东西。

45

Bev could not to do her work. She felt too tired. She put down her book, yawned and felt better. Bev looked up. Had the teacher seen her? To her surprise, the teacher was yawning, too. He took a long breath and opened his mouth wide. He closed his eyes a bit and let out his breath in a big, slow yawn. Then Bev heard other yawns.

The teacher said, ”Bev, yawned because our doors and windows are closed. And the room is warm. Her body needed more air. Maybe she yawned because she was tired. Maybe she was hungry. Or she just needed to move a bit. Do you feel better now, Bev?” he asked.

“Yes,” said asked.

“Yawns wake us up,” the teacher said. “When you yawn you stretch many parts of your body. That stretching makes you feel good.”

There were more yawns.

“People do not know why they yawn,” the teacher went on. “But if you see a yawn, hear one, or even read about one, you may yawn, too. And if your yawn starts, you can’t stop it. You may close mouth to stop it. But the yawn will still come.”

The teacher stood up and said, “Let’s open the window and water on your face helps to stop yawns. Bev may go first. ”

How do you feel now after you have read this story? Did you yawn? Watch a friend read this. See if your friend starts to yawn. If you see a yawn, you will know why.

贝弗不能再工作了。她觉得太累了。她放下书本，打了个哈欠，感觉好多了。贝弗抬起头来。老师看到了她这样子吗？令她惊讶的是，老师也正打着呵欠。他吸了很长一口气，张大了嘴巴。他微微闭上了眼睛，让他的吸气释放在一个又大又慢的哈欠里。接着，贝弗听到了其他的哈欠声。

老师说，“贝弗，打哈欠是因为我们的门和窗户都关着。整个房间暖暖的。而身体需要更多的空气。也许因为她累了她打哈欠。也许因为她饿了她打哈欠。或者她只是需要动一下。“他问道: “贝弗,现在你感觉好些了？“

“是的，”贝弗回答。

“打哈欠可以唤醒我们，”老师说。 “当你打哈欠你伸展了身体的许多部分。这样的伸展使你感觉良好。 “

还有更多的打哈欠。

“人们不知道他们为什么打哈欠，”老师接着说。 “但如果你看到呵欠，听到呵欠声，甚至阅读有关哈欠的文章，你也可能打哈欠。如果你的哈欠开始，你不能阻止它。你可以闭上嘴阻止它。但是哈欠仍然会再来。 “

老师站起来说：“让我们打开窗户，脸上擦些水有助于停止打哈欠。贝弗可以先试试。 “

当你看了这样的故事后你感觉如何呢？你打哈欠吗？观察一下朋友看了这个的反应。 看看你的朋友是否开始打哈欠了。如果你看到打呵欠，你就会知道为什么了。

46

Some people have very good memories, and can easily learn quite long poems by hearts. There are other people who can only remember things when they have said them over and over.

Charles Dickens, the famous English author, said that he could walk down any long street in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had passed. Many great men of the work have had wonderful memories.

A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he hears when he is a small child. Some children—like boys ad girls who live in foreign countries with their parents—seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. In schools it is not easy to learn a second language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects as well.

The human mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photographs not only of what we see but of what we feel, hear, smell and taste.

Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.

有些人有非常好的记忆力，能轻松地记住相当长的诗歌。还有些人，只能记住那些他们说了一遍又一遍的东西。

查尔斯狄更斯，英国著名作家，据说他走过任何一条伦敦大街后就能告诉你他所经过的每一个商店的名字。许多伟人都具有极好的记忆力。

良好的记忆力在学习语言中是有很大帮助的。每个人从小通过记住所听到的学习母语。有些孩子---比如与父母一起在国外生活的男孩和女孩们---似乎学习两种语言几乎与学习一种语言一样轻松。 在学校里学习第二语言是不容易的，因为学生们只有很少的时间用于学习，并且他们也同时忙于其他学科。

人类的心灵很像是一个相机，但是它'拍摄照片’不仅有我们所看到的东西，还有我们的感觉，听觉，嗅觉和味觉。

记忆是伴随着我们一生的日记。

47

The word “sport” first meant something that people did in their free time. Later it often meant hunting wild animals and birds.

About a hundred years ago the word was first used for organized games. This is the usual meaning of the word today. People spend a lot of their spare time playing football, basketball, tennis and many other sports. Such people play because they want to. A few people are paid for the sport they play. These people are called professional sportsmen. They may be sportsmen for only a few years, but during that time the best one can earn a lot of money.

For example, a professional footballer in England earns more than $3000 a year. The stars earn a lot more. International golf and tennis champions can make more than $50000 in a year. Of course, only a few sportsmen can earn as much money as that. It is only possible in sports for individuals like golf, tennis and motor racing. Perhaps the most surprising thing about sportsmen and money is this: The stars can earn more money from advertising than from sport. An advertising for sports equipment does not simply say “But our thing”. It says ”Buy the same shirt and shoes as…”. Famous sportsmen can even advertise things like watches and food. They allow the companies to use their name or a photograph of them and they are paid for this. Sport is no longer just something for people’s spare time.

单词“sport”最初是指人们在空闲时间做的事。后来常指猎杀野生动物和鸟类。

大约一百年前，这个词第一次用于表示举办奥运会。这是这个词现今的通常意义。人们花了很多业余时间踢足球，打篮球，打网球和许多其他运动项目。人们这样做是因为他们想运动。有少数人以他们从事的运动而获得报酬。这些人被称为职业运动员。他们可能只有短短数年的职业生涯，但在当时，最好的一个能赚很多钱。

例如，英格兰职业足球运动员的收入一年超过3000美元。球星赚取更多。 国际高尔夫球和网球冠军可以在一年里赚取超过50000美元。当然，只有少数运动员能赚很多钱，这仅在个人运动项目是可能的，像高尔夫球，网球和赛车。也许有关运动员和金钱最令人惊讶的事情是这样的：球星可从广告那部分赚取的钱比从运动本身赚取的钱要多的多。一种运动器材广告，不会简单地说：“购买我们的产品”。它得说：“买同系列的衬衫和鞋子如同...”。著名运动员甚至可以代言的产品像手表和食品。他们允许公司使用他们的名字或他们的照片，他们因此取得报酬。体育运动不再仅仅是人们闲暇时间的东西了。

48

Until 1871, everyone in England played football for fun. Then someone had the idea of giving a beautiful cup to the best team each year. The Football Association agreed. It made rules for its teams.

Today in the FA cup, teams play against each other until there is only one team left, the winning team. The winners get the Cup. Any team, large or small, important or unimportant, in or out the association, can play, but it is very hard to get the Cup.

The FA Cup is often just called “the Cup”. There are other cups(like the League Cup(联合杯), for example), but “the Cup” always means the “big one”. To win it is as good as winning the League, perhaps even better. At the end of the game, one team is the beat of all. The players stand there in front of many people, sometimes more than fifty thousand, and one by one, each of the eleven members of the team holds the great Cup above his head. It is one of the great moments of England football.

直到1871年，英国人踢足球还只当作娱乐。而后有人提出了想法把一个美丽的杯子授予每一年最好的球队。英格兰足球协会同意了。并为协会里的球队制定规则。

今天的足总杯赛，球队捉对淘汰，直到只剩下一个球队，获胜的球队。胜利者获得足总杯。任何一支球队，大的或小的，重要的或不重要的，加入协会的或未加入协会的，都可以参赛，但是赢得足总杯是非常艰难的。

足球协会杯通常就是所谓的“足总杯”。还有其他杯赛（例如，联合杯），但“足总杯”总是意味着“顶级”。 为了赢得它，就象赢得联赛一样，甚至更好。在比赛结束后，一支球队是欢呼雀跃的。球员们站在许多人面前，有时甚至超过50000多，一个接一个，球队11个成员每个人的手触拥着大杯。它是英格兰足球的伟大时刻之一。

49

Bicycle tour and race

A bicycle tour and race will be held on August 26 and 27(Sat. & Sun.). At 5:30 a.m., the rides will leave Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 kilometers as a training leg. Then the next 55 kilometer leg, from Yanjiao to Jixian to Changli.

The second racing leg of the tour will be from Changli to the seaside of Nandaihe, covering a distance of 20 kilometers.

Sunday morning is free for sightseeing at the seaside. At noon all the people and their bikes will be taken back to Beijing.

Cost: 200 yean.

Telephone: 46750278

Brazilian footballers

The Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guo’s and Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26. The club has four national team players. Also coming is 2004 US World Cup star Romario who has promised to play for at least 45 minutes.

Ticket prices: 60, 100, 150 yean.

Time/Date: 4:30 p.m. August 26 (Sat.)

Telephone: 50123726

Rock climbing

The Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on August 26-37 at the Huairou Mountain-climbing Training Base. More than 10 teams from Beijing, Wuhan, Dalian, Jilin and other places will take park in it. A Japanese team will give an exhibition climbing. Free for spectators.

Take a long-distance bus from Dongzhimen to Huairou.

Time/Date: 8-12 a.m. August 26 and 27.

Telephone: 7143779, 71448505 (Wang Zhenghua)

自行车旅行及比赛

自行车旅行及比赛将于8月26日和27日（周六，周日。）上午5:30举行，旅程将从天安门广场出发，先骑第一个35公里作为一个训练段。然后下一个 55公里赛段，从燕郊到蓟县到昌黎。

该旅行的第二站赛段将从昌黎到南戴河海滨，全程20公里。

周日上午到海边自由观光。中午所有的人和自行车将被送回北京。

费用：200元。

电话：46750278

巴西足球运动员

巴西足球俱乐部将于8月26日在工人体育场与北京国安队过招。该俱乐部有4个国家队的球员。另外2004年美国世界杯球星罗马里奥也将出场，他承诺上场发挥至少45分钟。

门票价格：60，100，150元。

时间/日期：8月26日（星期六）下午4:30

电话：50123726

攀岩

第三届全国攀岩比赛将于8月26-37在怀柔登山训练基地举行。来自北京队，武汉，大连，吉林等地的10多支运动队将参加比赛。一支日本运动队将作攀登展示。观众免费。

乘坐长途巴士从东直门到怀柔。

时间/日期：8月26日和27日上午8:00--12:00。

电话：7143779，71448505（王正华）

50

Our eating habits are very important for good health and a strong body. Most of us like eating sweets and ice-cream better than meat and rice. Sweets and ice-cream are not bad for us if we eat them at the end of a meal. If we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite. It’s important for us to eat our meal at regular time each day. When we feel worried or excited, we may not want to eat. A long time ago, in England, some judges often decided whether a man was telling truth by giving him some dry bread. Of the man could not swallow the bread, it meant that he wasn’t telling the truth. Though this seems strange and truth. A man who is worrying something has difficulty in swallowing anything dry, because he loses his appetite.

我们的饮食习惯对于健康和强壮的身体而言是非常重要的。比起吃肉类和大米，我们当中多数人更喜欢吃甜食和冰淇淋。如果我们餐后吃甜食和冰淇淋，甜食和冰淇淋对我们没什么害处。如果我们餐前吃，它们可以夺走我们的胃口。我们每天在固定时间吃饭，这一点很重要。当我们感到兴奋或忧虑，我们可能不想吃。很久以前，在英国，一些法官常常决定一个人是否说了实话就给他一些干面包。该名男子未能吞下面包，这意味着他没有说实话。虽然这似乎很奇怪也很真实。正在忧虑某事的这名男子是很难吞下任何干食物的，因为他已没了胃口。

51

When I take a walk around Washington Square Park, I often see a lot of people walking with dogs. It is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, but people have changed the reasons why they keep a dog. Of course, they keep dogs in order to keep safe. But the most important reason is that they can have friends, because the city can be a lonely place. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up. Now can you see the reason why people keep dogs?

当我绕着华盛顿广场公园散步时，我经常看到很多人在与溜狗。说实话，狗是世界上最有用和最忠实的动物，但是人们已经改变了他们养狗的理由。当然，他们养狗为了安全。但最重要的原因是他们能有朋友，因为城市是一个寂寞的地方。对于一个孩子而言，他没有朋友一起玩的时候，狗是他最好的朋友。对于年轻夫妇而言，当他们自己的孩子长大成人了，狗也是他们的孩子。现在你可以了解人们之所以养狗的原因了？

52

The most famous vegetable in the world is the potato. It grows in many places and does not need as rich soil as many other crops need. But until four hundred years ago the potato was not known to Europeans. But today it is one of the main foods in Europe. About a half of the world’s potatoes are grown in Europe.

In France the potato was not grown for food a long time ago. A story is told about Houis. In 1778, he saw some potato flowers for the first time. He likes them so much that he picked one and put it in his buttonhole. He was interested in nineteenth century, the potato was eaten in almost all the countries of the world.

世界上最有名的菜是马铃薯。它生长在许多地方，它并不需要象其他许多农作物所需的肥沃土壤。但是直到400年以前，欧洲人并不知道马铃薯。但今天马铃薯是欧洲的主要食品之一。世界上大约一半的马铃薯种植在欧洲。

在法国，很久以前马铃薯并不作为食物来种植。有一个关于Houis的故事。1778年，Houis第一次看到了一些马铃薯花。他非常喜欢它们，所以他摘了一朵，把它插在他的扣眼里。19世纪时马铃薯深受欢迎，世界上几乎所有国家都食用马铃薯

53

We often think of insects as being harmful. This is not quite true. Many insects are harmful. Flies carry disease. Other insects carry disease, too.

Farmers are at war with insects most of the time. Hungry insects kill plants in the fields. Farmers spray the fields to get rid of these insects.

Does this mean that all insects are harmful? No. many are of great help to man. Bees make honey. Without bees and other insects, many trees would have no fruit. Silkworms make silk, some insects eat other insects that kill fruit trees.

Have you ever seen a praying mantis? People who do not know about the praying mantis sometimes kill it. They think it is harmful. But this insect is of great help to farmers and gardeners. It eats insects that kill plants.

Long ago, many people thought of most insects as enemies. Today we know the difference between harmful insects and those that help us.

我们往往认为昆虫是有害的。这是不完全正确的。许多昆虫是有害的。苍蝇携带疾病。其他昆虫也携带疾病的。

农民们大多数时间里是与昆虫作斗争。饥饿的昆虫杀死田间的农作物。农民们喷洒除虫剂以驱散这些昆虫。

这是否意味着所有的昆虫都有害吗？不是的，许多昆虫对人类有很大益处。蜜蜂制造蜂蜜。如果没有蜜蜂和其他昆虫，许多树木就没有果实。蚕吐丝，一些昆虫吃杀其他蛀果树的昆虫。

你见过螳螂吗？不了解螳螂的人有时会杀死它。他们认为螳螂是有害的。但是，螳螂对农民和园丁有很大的帮助。螳螂食用导致植物死亡的昆虫。

很久以前，许多人把大多数昆虫当作敌人看待。今天，我们知道了益虫和害虫之间的区别。

54

Some animals sleep in winter time because the weather can be very cold and it is difficult for them to find food. They can sleep for a long time (from autumn to spring). This kind of winter sleep is called “hibernation”.

If an animal moves about a lot, it needs food. Hibernating animals do not need to eat much because they are not moving about. Their hearts beat very slowly and they also breathe weather and where they are out of danger. Their body fat keeps them alive and warm.

Some animals, such as bears, may wake up from their hibernation on warm winter days and then quickly go back to sleep again when they see the snow is still thick on the ground. When the weather becomes warmer is spring, the animals start to wake up and look for good.

有些动物在冬季睡眠，因为冬季天气非常寒冷，并且他们难以找到食物。他们可以睡很长的时间（从秋季到春季）。这种在冬季的睡眠称作“冬眠”。

如果一只动物到处活动，它需要食物。冬眠动物不需要吃太多，因为他们没有到处活动。他们的心跳很慢，他们仅做呼吸，而且他们远离生命危险。他们体内脂肪保持他们的温暖得以生存。

有些动物如熊，可能在温暖的冬天从冬眠中醒来，然后当他们看到地面积雪仍厚时又迅速回去睡觉了。当春天来临天气变暖时，动物们开始苏醒，寻找食物了。

55

A seeing-eye dog is a special dog. It helps blind people walk along the streets and do many other things. We call these dogs “seeing-eye” dogs because the dogs are the “eyes” of the blind men and they help them to see. These dogs go to special schools for several years to learn to help blind people.

One day a seeing-eye dog and a blind man got on a bus together. The bus was full of people and there were no spare seats. One man, however, soon got up and left. The dog took the blind man to the seat but there was very little space. The dog began to push the people on each side with his nose. He pushed and pushed until the people moved down and finally there was enough space for two. The blind man then sat down and the dog got upon the seat at the side of the blind man. He lay and soon fell asleep. Everyone on the bus had to smile at the cleverness of the dog in making space for the blind man and, at the same time, making a place for himself.

导盲犬是一种特殊的狗。它可以帮助盲人沿着街道行走和做很多其他的事情。我们称呼这些狗为“导盲”犬是因为，这种狗是盲人的“眼睛”，他们帮助盲人去'看’。这些狗进入特殊学校经过几年训练，以帮助失明人士。

一天，一位盲人和一条导盲犬一起登上一辆巴士。巴士里挤满了人，没有多余的座位。有个人，不久起身离开。导盲犬带领盲人挤向座位，但是空间太小。狗开始用他的鼻子推开人们到一边。他推啊推直到人们移开后，终于留下足够有两个人的空间。然后盲人坐下来，狗跳到盲人的一边。狗躺着，很快就睡着了。巴士上的每个人都微笑地看着聪明狗为盲人找空位，并在同一时间，也为自己找了位子。

56

Millions of years ago, there were lots of trees on the earth, because summer lasted all year round. A forest covered the earth like a green carpet.

What was that forest like? It is not difficult to find out, because parts of that ancient forest still stand. It is known as the rain forest. Here, even in fine weather water drips through the leaves.

The largest of today’s rain forests is in South America. It covers about a million square miles. All the trees are very tall. The young trees are up to 60 feet high. But it is not easy for some to grow taller, because very little sunlight reaches them.

The grown-up trees are about 60 to 120 feet high. Some are even taller. The tallest trees can be 200 or more feet high.

In this forest of tall trees, not only plant life is rich but also animal life. At different heights live different animals. By the many noises they make you know they are there.

几百万年前，地球上有大片森林，因为夏天持续全年。一个森林覆盖的地球像一个绿色的地毯。

那时的森林象什么样呢？答案不难找到，因为这种古老森林的一部分仍然存在。它被称为热带雨林。在这里，即使是在晴朗的天气，雨滴也撒向树叶。

当今最大的雨林是在南美洲。它占地约1万平方公里。所有的树木都非常高。年轻的树高达60英尺高。但是它们不易于长高，因为很少阳光照到它们。

成年树木约60至120英尺高。有些甚至更高。最高的树能有200多英尺高。

在这高大树木的森林里，不仅植物物种丰富，而且动物物种也丰富。在不同高度有不同的动物生活。通过很多的噪音它们让你知道它们在哪儿。

57

The crow is an ordinary bird. It is about twenty inches long and black all over. Crows are dirty birds because they live on old bad food. Crows eat a lot of waste food. In this way they are more useful to us than any other birds. They look for food all day long, and in the evening you can see them in large numbers flying back to their nests in the trees. They sleep there at night.

Crows are much noisier than other bird. Very often a large number of crows will get together on one house and talk. Sometimes they talk together, and sometimes they do it by turns like human beings. It is easy to tell from crows’ sounds whether they are pleased or angry. Perhaps crows talk to lot because they are friendly birds. A pair of crows will live together all their lives, and if one of them dies, the other one becomes very sad and quiet for the rest of its life and sometimes it dies too.

乌鸦是一种普通的鸟。它大约20英寸长全身通黑。乌鸦因为以陈腐食物为生而成为脏兮兮的鸟。乌鸦食用很多废弃的食物。这样，对我们而言他们比任何其他鸟类更有用。他们整天寻找食物，在晚上你可以看到成群的乌鸦飞回在树上的巢穴。夜间他们睡在那里。

乌鸦比其他鸟喧闹得多。很多时候，成群的乌鸦聚在一家一起讨论。有时他们一起交谈，有时他们象人一样轮流说话。无论乌鸦是高兴还是生气，很容易从乌鸦的声音来分辨。或许因为乌鸦是友善的鸟类，它们交谈很多。一对乌鸦将共同生活一辈子，如果其中一个死去，另一个的余生会变得非常伤心，非常寂寞，有时也一同死去。

58

When we think of plants, most of us will think of things that grow from the ground and have green leaves, but there are plants that do not look of act like other plants. Some of these belong to a special class of plants called fungi.

Fungi may appear almost everywhere. They usually grow in damp places where they can get food and water easily. Because fungi do not have green leaves, they can not make food for themselves. Green plants use their leaves to make their own food, but fungi must take their food from animals, other plants or waste matter. Some fungi live on rotting wood, while others grow on living trees or in dirt or moss.

Mushrooms are the best-known fungi. There are many kinds of mushrooms appearing in all shapes and sizes. For example, cauliflower mushrooms are found in forests from July to October. They can grow to be as heavy as fifty pounds! They grow at the foot of trees.

Squirrel’s bread is another kind of wild mushroom. Its appearance and use explain the origin of its name. These fungi, look like small golden cakes, grow on short, fat stems. Squirrels can easily nibble them or carry them off to their nests to eat later.

The mushrooms found in food stores are carefully grown by people who know they are safe to eat. Mushrooms experts warn people never to touch or taste wild mushrooms because some of them are deadly. Even less dangerous ones can still make a person very sick.

当我们谈起植物，我们大多数人会想到的东西是，从地面生长，有绿叶子，但也有看起来不像其他植物生长样式的。其中一些属于一类特殊的植物称为真菌。

真菌可能几乎无处不在。它们通常生长在潮湿的地方，它们可以很容易得到养料和水。由于真菌没有绿叶，它们不能为自己提供食物。绿色植物通过叶子提供给自己所需的养料，但真菌必须从动物，植物或其他废物获取养料。有些真菌生活在腐烂的木材上，而另一些长在树上或生活在泥土中或生活在苔藓上。

蘑菇是最著名的真菌。有各种形状和大小的许多种蘑菇。例如，在7?10月的森林中可以找到花椰菜蘑菇。它们可以长到 五十磅 重！它们长在树脚边。

松鼠的面包是另一种野生蘑菇。它们的外观和用途说明了其名称的由来。这些真菌，看上去像小黄金蛋糕，长有短短的，肥肥的茎干。松鼠可以很容易地蚕食它们或将它们运回自己的巢穴以后吃。

？[The mushrooms found in food stores are carefully grown by people who know they are safe to eat.]？由懂得可以安全食用的行家发现的蘑菇品种在食品店谨慎地增加。蘑菇专家警告人们千万不要触摸或品尝野蘑菇，因为其中有些是致命的。即使不致命的也能使人病得很重。

59

In Canada you can find dogs, cats, horses, etc, in almost every family. These are their pets. People love these pets and have them as their good friends. Before they keep them in their houses, they take them to animal hospitals to give them needles so that they won’t carry disease. They have special animal food stores. Some people spend around two hundred Canadian dollars a month on animal food. When you visit people’s homes, they would be very glad to show you their pets and they are very proud of them. You will also find that almost every family has a bird feeder in their garden. All kinds of birds are welcomed to come and have a good meal. They are free to come and go and nobody is allowed to kill any animal in Canada. They have a law against killing wild animals. If you killed an animal, you would be punished. If an animal happened to get run over by a car people would be very sad about it.

People in Canada have many reasons to like animals. One of them might be: their family tie is not as close as ours. When children grow up they leave their parents and start their own life. Then the old will feel lonely. But pets can solve this problem. They can be good friends and never leave them alone.

在加拿大几乎每个家庭你可以找到狗，猫，马等。这些都是他们的宠物。人们喜欢这些宠物，并当它们的好朋友。在他们自己家里饲养之前，他们带它们去动物医院给动物注射疫苗以预防疾病。他们有专门的动物性食品的商店。有些人1个月的动物食物花费约200加元。当你拜访加人的家园，他们会很乐意告诉你他们的宠物，他们很为它们感到骄傲。你还会发现，几乎每个家庭的花园里都有鸟儿的喂食器。欢迎各种鸟类来美餐，它们可以自由地来来去去，在加拿大没有人可以杀死任何动物。他们立法禁止捕杀野生动物。如果你杀死一个动物，你会受到惩罚。如果一个动物碰巧被车辗过，人们会很难过的。

加拿大人喜欢动物有很多理由。其中之一可能是：他们的亲属关系并非如我们那样地接近。当孩子长大后，他们离开父母，开始自己的生活。然后，年老的会觉得孤独。但宠物可以解决这个问题。他们可以成为好朋友，从来没有离开他们。

60

To find out whether bees can see colours, the following experiment is made. A table is put in a garden, and on the table is a blue card with some syrup on it. As soon as one bee finds the syrup, many more come to it one after another in a short tome. It seems that one bee is able to tell the news of food to the other bees in their “home”. After a moment, the blue card with syrup on it is taken away. Instead of this card, a blue card is now put on the left side of the first feeding place and a red card to its right. Nothing can be seen on the two cards. Very soon bees arrive again, and fly straight to the blue card. None go to the red one.

要了解蜜蜂是否可以辨别颜色，进行下面的实验。花园里摆上一张桌子，桌上放着一块涂了糖浆的蓝色卡片。只要一只蜜蜂发现糖浆，短时间里就会有更多的蜜蜂一个接一个到来。看来，一个蜜蜂能把食物信息传递给“家”中的其他蜜蜂。过一会儿，拿走涂有糖浆的蓝色卡片。现在把替换了的蓝色卡片放在第一次喂食地点的左侧，再放一块红色卡片到蓝色的右侧。两张卡片上看不到任何东西。很快蜜蜂再次到来，直接飞向蓝色卡片，没有一只飞向红色卡片。

61

The most frightening words in the English language are, “Our computer is down.” You hear it more and more when you are in business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to Washington and the girl in the ticket office said, “I’m sorry, I can’t sell you a ticket. Our computer is down.”

“If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket.”

“I can’t write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so.”

I looked down the counter and every passenger was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, “What do you do?”

“We give the computer the information about your trip, and it tells us whether you can fly with us or not.”

“So when it goes down, you go down with it.”

“That’s right, sir.”

“How long will the computer be down?” I wanted to know.

“I have no idea. Sometimes it’s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There is no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since it’s down it won't answer us.”

After the girl told me they had no backup(备用的) computers. I said, “Let’s forget the computer. What about your planes? They’re still flying, aren’t they?”

“I couldn't tell without asking the computer.”

“Maybe I could just go to the gate and ask the pilot the he’s flying to Washington.” I suggested.

“I wouldn't know what gate to sent you to. Even if the pilot was going to Washington, he couldn't take you if you didn't have a ticket.”

“Is there any other flight to Washington within the next few hours?”

“I wouldn't know,” she said, pointing at the dark screen. “Only 'IT’ knows. 'IT’ can tell me.”

By this time there were quiet a few people standing in line. The word spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people left, some people started to cry and still others kicked luggage.

在英语语言中最可怕的话是：“我们的电脑出故障了。”当你在进行业务时，你听到这话越来越多了。有一天，我在机场候买去华盛顿的机票，售票处里的女孩说，“对不起，我无法给你出票。我们的电脑出故障了。”

“如果您的电脑出故障了，我手写一张票吧。”

“我无法手写给你。只有电脑是唯一允许这样操作的。”

我低头扫视了柜台，每个乘客只是站在那里喝着咖啡，盯着黑色屏幕。然后我问她：“那你做什么呢？”

“我们把你的旅行信息输入电脑，它会告诉我们您是否能飞或不能。”

“所以，当电脑出现故障，你和电脑一起停工。”

“没错，先生。”

“电脑出故障会有多长时间？”我想知道。

“我不知道。有时停10分钟，有时停两个小时。除了问电脑我们没有其他办法知道，因为它出故障也就不会回答我们。”

女孩告诉我他们没有备用的电脑之后。我说：“让我们忘掉电脑。那么你们的飞机怎么样了？它们是不是还在飞行呢？”

“不问电脑我无法告诉你。”

“也许我只能走向大门，去问飞向华盛顿的飞行员。”我建议。

“我不知道你该进什么大门。即使飞行员要飞华盛顿，如果你没有机票，他也不能带上你。”

“在未来几个小时里，还有没有其他飞往华盛顿的航班？”

“我不知道，”她指着黑色屏幕说。“只有'它’知道。只有'它’能告诉我。”

到这时候还有相当一部份人在排队。电脑出故障这个词传播到其余旅客。有些人离开，有些人哭了起来，还有一些人踢行李。

62

Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper everyday. Some people have as many as two or three different newspapers. But why do people read newspapers?

Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings, battles lost and won, kings or rulers overthrown(推翻) or killed took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by words of mouth. Today we can read in our newspapers of important things that happen in far away countries on the same day.

Besides giving news from all over the world, newspapers tell us a lot of other useful information. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories, and of course, advertisements(广告). There are all kinds of advertisements. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space(广告版面), but it is worth the money because news of what they make in factories goes into almost every home in the country. For those who make newspapers, advertisements are also very important. Money from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit.

Newspapers often have information on gardening, cookery and fashion(时装) as well as a small but very popular part on jokes and cartoons.

几乎每个家庭每天至少购买一份报纸。有些人购买多达两种或三种不同的报纸。人们为什么看报纸？

五百年前，重大事件，战争输赢，国王或统治者被推翻或杀死的新闻信息要过上几个月甚至数年才能从一个国家传播到另一个国家。那时的新闻信息通过口头传播。今天，我们能够在报上看到同一天里在遥远的国度发生的重要事件。

除了来自世界各地的新闻，报纸还给我们提供了其它很多有用的信息。有天气预报，广播，电视和电影预告，书评，故事，当然，还有广告。有各种各样的广告。他们支付给广告版面数千美元，但这是值得的，因为他们在工厂发生的新闻信息传入几乎每一个在乡间的家庭。对于经营报纸和广告的那些人也是非常重要的。广告收入使他们有可能以低廉的价格出售他们的报纸并且仍然能够盈利。

报纸经常有园艺，烹饪和时装方面的信息，也有笑话和漫画方面的一小块但非常流行的版面。

63

Many students are injured or killed in different kinds of accidents.

Chen haoyu, a teacher at Beijing No. 25 middle School and a self-protection expert, gives young students advice on how to deal with danger:

·If you are robbed

Keep clam. If you cannot cry for help or run away, give the robber your money. Try and remember what the robber looked like and tell the police.

·If you are in a traffic accident

If you are hurt by a car, take down the registration number, if it is a bicycle, try to contact your parents before you let the rider go. This is in case you don't realize how seriously you are hurt.

·If it is raining hard and there is lightning

Don't stay in high places and keep away from trees.

·When there is a fire

Gets away as fast as you can. But wet material on your body and try to find an exit. Do not take elevator!

·If someone is drowning

If you can’t swim, don't get into the water. Cry out for help.

·Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. Look after yourself at all times!

许多学生在各类事故中受伤或死亡。

陈浩宇，一位北京第25中学教师和自我保护的专家，给年轻学生关于如何处理危险的建议：

?如果被抢劫

保持沉默。如果你不能呼叫求助或逃离开，把你的钱给强盗。设法记住这个强盗长什么样子，报告警察。

?如果出交通事故

如果你被汽车撞了，记下车牌号，如果是自行车，在你让骑车人离开之前，设法联系你的父母。这是在你不知道你伤得有多严重的情况下。

?如果天下大雨并有雷电

不要停留在高处，远离大树。

?当发生火灾

尽你的可能快速撤离。随身带上湿的东西，并设法找到一个出口。不要乘电梯！

?如果有人溺水

如果你不会游泳，不能跳入水中。呼叫求助。

?请记住此类危险从来不是你想象中的遥远。你自己时时要当心！

64

Suppose(假设) a man has a car accident. He is hurt badly and is unconscious(失去知觉的); that is, he can’t think, speak, or hear. His family takes him to the hospital. The doctors tell the family that his brain(大脑) is dead. A machine can make him breathe.

Now the patient’s(病人) family must answer some difficult questions. Should they think he is dead? Should they ask the doctors to use the machine to make him breathe? Sometimes machines can make an unconscious person breathe for years. However, if his brain is dead, he will never think, speak, or hear again. Then, should his family ask the doctors not to use the machine and let him die?

Someone who is unconscious can’t say he wants to die. Can his family say this for him? Some people think this is a good idea. Some think otherwise(不同地).

Many people are hurt when machines keep a person alive. The unconscious person doesn't know this. Machine only make the family and friends hurt longer.

假设一个男子出了车祸。他伤的很重，失去了知觉；也就是说，他不能思考，不能说话，不能听见。他的家人送他到医院。医生告诉家人，他的大脑已经死亡。一台机器可以辅助他呼吸。

现在，病人的家属必须回答一些棘手的问题。他们可以认为他死了吗？他们可以要求医生使用机器使他呼吸吗？有时机器可以使昏迷不醒的人呼吸多年。但是，如果他的大脑已经死亡，他再也不能思考，不能说话，不能听见了。那么，能允许他的家属要求医生不使用机器，让他死去吗？

昏迷不醒的人无法说出他想死。他的家属能替他说吗？有些人认为这是一个好主意。另有一些人持不同认识。

当机器维持一个人活着的时候，许多人受到了伤害。昏迷不醒的人不知道这一点。机器仅能造成他的家人和朋友更长时间的伤害。

65

Most people want to work, but it has become more difficult in today’s world to find work for everybody. The economies of the world need to grow by 4% each year just to keep the old number of jobs for people. often this is not possible, and so more people are without work. Some people have no jobs now because new machines can do the work of many people in a shorter time. Also, machines do not ask for more money and longer holidays. In all of the countries of the world machines are taking work from people, not only in factories but also on the farms. One machine can often do the work of forty percent of people. About 75,000 people are moving to the cities a day to look for jobs, but only 70% of them can find jobs.

大多数人想要工作，但在当今世界每个人都找到工作已成为很大困难。世界经济需要每年增长4％，仅能维持原先的就业人数。通常这是不可能的，所以好多人没有工作。现今有些人没有工作，是由于新机器能用较短时间完成许多人的工作。此外，机器不会要求更多的工资和较长的假期。在世界上所有国家，机器不仅在工厂，而且在农场正取代人的工作。一台机器通常能够完成人工作的40％。每天约75,000人移居到城市找工作，但只有其中70％可以找到工作。

66

On Thursday morning, more than 100 citizens in Nanjing, the capital of East China’s Jiangsu Province, donated blood at a local station as a result of the local promotion campaign of the country’s blood donation law which took effect late last year. Some 82.3 percent of the blood in the local supply(供应) centre has been donated, compared with last year where a large amount of blood was purchased(购买). As many as 12,000 local people have freely donated their blood so far, ensuring(保证) an abundant supply for use in local hospitals.

周四早上，在中国东部江苏省省会南京，100多名市民在当地??电视台献血，以作为去年年底生效的国家献血法的本地宣传活动。与去年同期那里大量购买的血液相比，已有82.3%捐赠到当地供血中心。到目前为止，多达12,000名当地市民无偿捐献了自己的鲜血，为当地医院的使用保障了丰富的供应。

67

In the past, when people had problems, they went to their families or friends to get advice. Today, it is possible to get advice from radio show, TV programs and telephone hot lines, too. A hot line is a telephone line that offers a direct way of getting in touch with(同……联络) advisers. Most hot lines are completely anonymous(不具名的). Callers do not have to say their names or telephone numbers. Most hot lines are usually free, too. Callers do not have to pay for the advice or the phone calls-even if the calls are long distance(长途). At some hot lines, the advisers are volunteers(志愿者). Other hot lines pay their advisers for their words. Usually the advisers are professionals(专业人员), with years of education and experience, but sometimes, the advisers have only taken a short class before starting to work on the hot line. All the advisers listen to people and help them settle their problems.

在过去，当人们遇到问题，他们向家人或朋友咨询。今天，也可以从广播节目，电视节目和电话热线得到咨询。热线是一条电话线，提供了一个与顾问联络的直接方式。大多数热线是完全匿名的。呼叫者不必说出他们的名字或电话号码。大多数热线通常也是免费的。呼叫者不必支付咨询费或电话费，即使是长途电话费。有些热线的顾问是志愿者。其他热线给它们的顾问支付报酬。顾问通常是有多年教育和经验的专业人士，但有时候，顾问在开始热线电话工作以前只经过短期培训。所有的顾问倾听来电，帮助他们解决问题。

68

Here are four messages on Alan Marshall’s answerphone.

Monday 9:21

Alan? Alan, if you’re at home, please answer the phone. Are you really not there? Well, I’d just like to say that I’m very angry with you—and your father is too. You know how much he loves our monthly family lunches. This is the fifth one you’re missed. I hope you’ve got a really good reason this time. Oh, umm, this is your mother speaking.

Monday 10:21

Mr. Marshall, this is Stefi Rosen, Mr. Prince’s assistant. I’m calling to confirm(确认) tomorrow’s lunch with Mr. Yamada of Rising Sun Computer Games. Mr. Prince wants you to know what his meeting is very important. Please remember to bring to interactivity designs(互动设计) with you. He says that Mr. Yamada is ready to pay for the world rights(版权) on your new game! The restaurant is The Four Stars in Gower Street

and I’ve booked a table for a quarter past one. Be there on time—please!

Monday 11:23

My name is Karen Miller. I’m a producer at Interactive Computer Games, Australia. I saw your game “Kill the Enemy!” at the International Computer Game Fair. I think your work is great and I’d like to discuss buying the rights for my part of the world. Someone at the fair said that you’re working on a new game which is even more interactive. How interactive can you get? Perhaps we interact over lunch? I’m in London until Wednesday. My mobile number is 0277417 6130800.

Monday 12:31

Hello, Alan. It's Daisy. Did you have a good weekend? How’s the new game going? I miss you. Bye.

有关艾伦马歇尔的录音电话的四条消息。

星期一9:21

艾伦？艾伦，如果你在家里一样，请接电话。难道你真的不在？嗯，我只是想说，我，还有你的父亲对你很生气。你知道他是多么重视我们的每月家庭午餐。这是你第五次缺席了。我希望这次你找到一个很好的理由。哦，嗯，??这是你母亲的留言。

星期一10:21

马歇尔先生，我是斯特菲罗森，普林斯先生的助手。我打电话来确认明天与旭日电脑游戏的山田先生的午餐会。普林斯先生希望你知道这个会议很重要。请记住带上你的互动设计。他说，山田先生准备为你的新游戏付款购买全世界版权！餐厅在高尔街上的四星星，我已经预订了一点一刻的座位。请准时到来！

星期一11:23

我是凯伦米勒，澳大利亚互动电脑游戏的制片人。我在国际电脑游戏博览会上看到你的游戏“杀敌！”。我觉得你的游戏很精彩，我很愿意与你商谈购买我的部份世界版权。在博览会上有人说你正在创作的一个新游戏具有更强的互动性。你怎么取得互动性的？也许我们互动一次午餐？我在伦敦逗留到星期三。我的手机号码是0277417 6130800。

星期一12:31

艾伦，你好。我是戴西。周末过得愉快吗？新游戏进展如何？我想你。再见。

69

“Cool” is a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings.

“Cool” can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will say, “It’s cool.” You may think, “He’s so cool,” when you see your favourite footballer.

We all maximize(扩大) the meaning of “cool”. You can use it instead of many words such as teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall they had visited. On one student’s paper was just the one sentence, “It’s so cool.” Maybe he thought it was the best way to show that he saw and felt.

But the story also shows a scarcity(不足) of words. Without “cool”, some people have no words to show the same meaning. So it is quite important to keep some credibility(可信性). Can you think of many other words that make your life as colorful as the word “cool”? I can, and I think they are also very cool.

“酷”是一个具有多种含义的词。其本义是用来表达一个温度有点冷。由于世界变化了，这个词有许多不同的含义。

“酷”可以用来表达对几乎所有的东西感兴趣的感觉。当你在街上看到一辆名牌汽车，也许你会说，“这很酷。“当你看到你最爱的足球运动员，你可能想：”他太酷了“。

我们都在扩大“酷”的意思。你可以用它代替许多话，比如老师要求她的学生描写他们观赏过的瀑布。在一个学生的作文里只有一个句子，“这太酷了。“也许他认为这是最好的方式来表达他看到的和感受到的。

但这个故事也显示出词语的匮乏。不用“酷”，有些人就没有词语来表达同样的意思。所以保留一些可信性是很重要的。你能想到许多其他词语使你生活得如同“酷”字一样丰富多彩吗？我能做到，我觉得他们也很酷。

70

Today there are about 7,000,000 Americans in colleges and universities. In the United States nearly half of the population(人口) are young persons under twenty-five. Many of them will soon be in charge of(掌管) the country. So their ideas are important to everyone in the country, and it is necessary for older people to understand what young people think and feel.

College students today have strong opinions(观点) about right and wrong. They are interested in making a better life. They see much that is wrong in the lives of their parents. It is hard for them to see what is right and good in the older ways. Because of this, there is often trouble in American families.

今天，大约有7,000,000美国人就读高校。在美国近半数的人口是二十五岁以下的青少年。他们中许多人将在不久掌管这个国家。因此对国家中的每个人而言，他们的想法是很重要的，而且成年人理解年轻人的想法和感受是必要的。

今天的大学生具有强烈的对错观。他们对创造一个美好生活感兴趣。他们看到在父母生活中的很多不足。让他们用老观念去看什么是正确而好的是很困难的。正因为如此，在美国家庭往往存有烦恼。

71

“How are you?” is a nice question. It’s a friendly way that people in the United States greet each other, but when a person says “How are you?” he expects() to hear the answer “Fine,” even if the person’s friend isn’t fine. The reason is that “How are you?” isn’t really a question, and “fine” isn’t really an answer. They are common ways of saying “Hello” and “Hi”.

Sometimes people also don’t say exactly what they mean. For example, when someone asks, “Do you agree?” the other person may be thinking. “No, I don’t agree. I think you are wrong.” But it doesn’t sound very polite, so he may say, “I’m not so sure.” It’s a nicer way to say that you don’t agree with someone.

People also don’t say exactly what they are thinking. For example, when a person wants to finish talking with other people on the phone, he may say “I have to go now”. Sometimes he often gives an excuse, “Someone is at the door”, “Something is burning” so on. The excuse may be real, or it may not. It’s a polite way to stop a conversation and it doesn’t hurt the other person’s feeling. It’s an important way that people try to be nice to each other, and it’s a part of the game of language.

“你好吗？“是一个友善的问题。这是一种美国人民互相问候对方的友好方式，但是当一个人说：“你好吗？“即使这人的朋友不是很好，他期望听到的回答：”好，“。原因是，“你好吗？ “不是一个真正的问题，”好“也不是一个真正的回答。它们是说“你好”和“嗨”的常见方式。

有时候，人们不是精确地说出他们的意思。例如，当有人问，“你是否同意？“其他人可能会想。“不，我不同意。我认为你错了。“不过，这听上去不是很有礼貌，所以他可能会说，”我不那么肯定。“这是一个较好的方式来表达你不同意某人。

人们也不是精确地说出他们的所想。例如，当一个人要结束与他人在电话中的交谈，他会说：“我得走了。”有时候，他常常给出一个借口，“有人在门口”，“有东西烧糊了”等。借口可能是真实的，也可能不真实的。这是一种停止谈话的礼貌方式，这样不会伤害他人的感觉。这是一个人们尽量善待对方的重要途径，，这也是语言游戏的一个部分。

72

It isn’t strictly true that one half of the world is rich and the other half is poor. It’s one third that is very rich and tow-thirds that are very poor.

People in the rich countries don’t understand the great difference between them and those in the poorer countries. A very simple is that a dog or a cat in North America eats better than a child in the poorer countries. A fisherman is South America may be catching fish which is made into pet food, and his own children are not getting enough to eat for their bodies to grow properly.

Although a lot of the world’s natural resources(资源) like oil come from these poorer countries, people in the richer countries are using about sixty times as much of these resources as people in Asia of Africa. And it’s the richer countries that deicide that kind of prices they are ready to pay for these resources. And the process the richer countries get for their own exports(出口), however, are always rising. So they are getting richer and richer and the poorer countries are getting poorer.

世界上一半是富人，另一半是穷人，这不完全正确。世界上三分之一的人非常富有，三分之二的人非常贫穷。

在富裕国家的人们并不了解他们与在贫穷国家的人们之间的巨大差异。一个显见的事是，狗或猫在北美吃的比在较贫穷国家的儿童吃的更好。一个南美渔民可能把捕到的鱼制成宠物食品，而他自己的孩子得不到足够的身体正常生长所需的东西吃。

虽然世界上的自然资源比如石油来自这些贫穷国家，在富裕国家的人享用的资源约为在亚洲，非洲人民的六十多倍。富裕的国家决定了他们愿意支付这些资源的价格。而这个过程中较富裕的国家由于他们出口得到的却总是在上升。因此，他们越来越富，穷国越来越穷。

73

From the time we were babies we have been taught our manners. We are taught how to hold a knife and a fork and not to talk with our mouths full. We are taught how to shake hands and when to stand and when to sit and the way to introduce people.

Sometimes good manners in one place are very bad manners somewhere else.

Almost everywhere eating together means that you are very friendly to each other. But in parts of Polynesia(波利尼西亚) it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. They politely turn their backs on each other when they are taking food.

Some East Africans spit four times as a kind of blessing. They do it to show that they want a sick person to get well, or to bless a new-born baby. In most other places, spitting means just something completely different. It’s something to do to show that you hate someone.

When we go to visit someone we say “Hello”, and “How are you” and things like that.

If you were visiting an East African village, everyone would be very careful not to pay any attention to you. The polite thing there would be for you to go quietly, without speaking to anyone, and sit beside your friend. You would wait until he had finished what he was doing and then he would begin talking to you.

In a village in Arab, a visitor walks behind all the tents(帐篷) until he gets to the one he wants to visit. If he passed in front, he would be invited into each tent and asked to eat. It was rude(粗鲁) to refuse.

从我们是婴儿时候起就被教导我们的举止。我们被教导如何拿刀叉，满嘴东西不可说话。我们被教导如何握手，何时起立坐下，招呼别人的方式。

有时候一个地方的良好举止在其他地方是很不礼貌的举止。

几乎所有地方全部吃光意味着你们相互很友好。但在波利尼西亚那里，全部吃光被视为是不礼貌的行为。当他们吃东西时，他们会有礼貌地留下给对方。

一些东非人吐四次作为一种祝福。他们这样做是为了表明他们希望一个有病的人病情好转，还有祝福新出生的婴儿。在大多数其他地方，吐的意思正好是完全不同的。做这事，说明你讨厌某人。

当我们见到某人，我们说“你好”和“你好吗”之类的东西。

如果你在游览东非村寨，每个人会非常小心一点都不理会你。对你而言在那里有礼貌的事情是你静静地走，不跟任何人说话，坐在你的朋友旁边。你要等到他完成了他做的事情，然后他会开口跟你说话。

在一个阿拉伯村庄，访客要在所有帐篷的背后行走，直到他找到??一个他想要访问的帐篷。如果他在帐篷前面行走，他将被邀请到每个帐篷，并要吃东西。拒绝是粗鲁的行为。

74

Little Tom down the street calls our dog "The keep dog".Zip is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say" Seep", it comes out "keep". And in a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things hoem for us to keep! I'll tell you about some of them.

Zip's first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk.

We didn't know how Zip found the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded(点头)and held my nose. "What do you think it is?"

"It smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot (污点) off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry."

"Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe!" I said."We should take it back."

"We can't ".said my sistter.

"Maybe little Tom is right," Mary said. "Maybe Zip is a keep dog!"

1.The writer and Mary didn't know______.

A. what Zip's first present was B. how Zip carried its first present home

C. who owned Zip's first present D. what Zip's first present was made of

2.Tom calls Zip "the keep dog" because ______.

A. the dog likes keeping things B. the dog likes playing with shoes

C. he doesn't know the dog's name D. he can't pronounce the word " sheep" well

3.What made the shoe strange was ______.

A. its colour        B. its smell C. its size          D. that it was a silk one

4.The word "keep"in the last sentence means "_____"

A. keeping things for itself B. bringing things for other to keep

C. not letting it run about D. taking care of a small child

5.We can know from the reading that the dog _____.

A. likes to give presents to people B. has been kept in at the writer's home

C. has brought some trouble D. likes to be called "the keep dog"

Key: 1.C  2.D  3.B  4.B  5.C

75

An old lady in a plane had a blanket（毯子）over her head and she did not want to take it off . The air hostess spoke to her, but the old lady said, “I have never been in a plane before , and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back on the ground again !”

Then the captain came. He said, “Madam, I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine, there are no clouds in the sky, and everything is going very well. ”But she continued to hide.

So the captain turned and started to go back. Then the old lady looked out from under the blanket with one eye and said, “I am sorry, young man, but I don’t like planes and I am never going to fly again. But I’ll say one thing, ”She continued kindly, “You and your wife keep your plane very clean!”

1. An old lady had _________ .

A. glasses    B. a blanket over her head    C. a coat    D. a basket

2. A. She didn’t want to ________ .

A. take it off    B. turn it off    C. get on    D. talk about it

3. _________ spoke to her .

A. The air hostess    B. The man next to her     C. her husband    D. one of her friends

4. The old lady had never been _________ before .

A. abroad    B. home    C. in a plane     D. in hospital

5. The woman didn’t like planes and she was never going ________ .

A. to fly again     B. to travel    C. to go abroad    D. to go home

Key: 1－5 BAACA

76

Dick lived in England. One day in January he said to his wife, "I'm going to fly to New York next week because I've got some work there." "Where are you going to stay there?" his wife asked. "I don't know yet." Dick answered. "Please send me your address from there in a telegram (电报)," his wife said. "All right," Dick answered.

He flew to New York on January 31st and found a nice hotel in the center of the city. He put his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram. He put the address of his hotel in it.

In the evening he didn't have any work, so he went to a cinema. He came out at nine o'clock and said, "Now I'm going back to my hotel and have a nice dinner."

He found a taxi (出租车) and the driver said, "Where do you want to go?" But Dick didn't remember the name and address of his hotel.

"Which hotel are my things in?" he said, "And what am I going to do tonight?" But the driver of the taxi did not know. So Dick got out and went into a post office. There he sent his wife another telegram, and in it he wrote, "Please send me my address at this post office."

Choose the right answer

1. Dick flew to New York because ___.

A. he went there for a holiday B. he had work there

C. he went there for sightseeing (观光) D. his home was there

2. Why did his wife want a telegram from him?

A. Because she didn't know his address yet B. Because she wanted to go to New York, too

C. Because she might send him another telegram

D. Because she couldn't leave her husband by himself in New York

3. Where did Dick stay in New York?

A. In the center of the city. B. In a hotel.

C. In a restaurant. D. At his friend's house.

4. Who would send him the name and address of his hotel?

A. The manager (经理) of his hotel. B. The police office.

C. The taxi driver. D. His wife.

5. Which of the following is not true?

A. Dick stayed at a nice hotel in the center of the city.

B. Dick didn't work on the first night of his arrival.

C. Dick forgot to send his wife a telegram.

D. Dick wanted to go back to his hotel in a taxi.

Key: 1-5 B A B D C

77

Bob and Jim once worked in the same factory. One day, Bob lent Jim ten dollars, but then Jim left his work and went to work in another town without paying back the money.

Bob didn't see Jim for a year, and then he knew from another friend that Jim was in another town and staying at a hotel. So he went there to see him late in the evening.

When he got to Jim's room, he saw his shoes near the door. "Well, he must be in," he thought, and knocked again, and said, "I know you are in, Jim. Your shoes are out here."

"I've gone out in my boots," answered Jim.

True or False

1. Bob and Jim once worked in different factories.

2. One day Jim borrowed ten dollars from Bob.

3. Jim paid back the money to Bob and went to work in another town later.

4. Bob hadn't seen Jim for a year when he learned that Jim was in another town.　

Key: 1-4 F T F T

78

I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morning. He is almost sick when my mother calls, "Herbert! It's seven o'clock! Get up!"

Herbert answers, "I'm coming!" and goes right back to sleep. I'm not at all like my brother. I don't like to go to bed at night but I don't mind getting up in the morning. I usually wake up before my mother calls me. I jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a shower. I get dressed, brush my teeth, comb my hair, and get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon as my mother calls.

But not Herbert. He just sleeps. A military band (军乐队) in our bedroom could not wake him up. I call him and say, "Get up! Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you don't get up immediately!"

But he just sleeps. After calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull Herbert out of bed. It's that way every day with my little brother. Perhaps some day he'll learn to get up on time, but I really don't think so.

True or False

1. The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school.　

2. I'm not like my brother because I like to go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning.

3. I usually jump out of bed and go into the bathroom for a shower before my mother calls.

4. When mother calls, Herbert doesn't answer and remains in bed.

5. My mother often has to go upstairs and pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get up.

6. Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up.

7. The writer thinks some day Herbert will learn to get up on time.

Key: 1-7. F T T F T F F

79

In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.

In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.

When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.

If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.

1. Why do people in England often talk about the weather?

A. Because they may have four seasons in one day

B. Because they often have very good weather

C. Because the weather is warm just like in spring

D. Because the sky is sunny all day

2. From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.

A. sunshine and snow B. black clouds

C. summer and winter D. spring and autumn

3. "People can also have summer in winter." Means "it is sometimes too ______in winter."

A. warm B. cool C. cold D. rainy

4. In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________.

A. their friends ask them to do so B. it often rains in England

C. they are going to sell them D. they are their favourite things

5. The best title (标题)for this passage is ________.

A. Bad Seasons B. Summer or Winter

C. The Weather in England D. Strange English People

KEY: ABABC

80

Mr Brown was going away for a week. Before he left, he said to his son, "if anyone asks for me, you can tell him that your father has been out for doing something, and will be back in a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down for a cup of tea."

"OK, Dad," said his son. But he was afraid his son couldn't remember this, he wrote these words down on a piece of paper and gave it to him. His son put it into his small pocket, took it out and looked at it every now and then.

Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to come and that the piece of paper was of no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening.

The next afternoon, someone knocked at the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing at the door and said, "Where is your father?" The boy put his hand into his pocket at once and looked for the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted, "No more."

The man was very surprised. He asked, "No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen?"

"Burnt yesterday evening."

1. Mr Brown told his son that _____.

A. he would be away from home for four days B. he would be back in seven days

C. he would be back in a month D. he liked a cup of tea

2. Mr Brown wrote the words down on ________.

A. the wall B. the door C. a piece of paper D. his son's pocket

3. A man came to visit the boy's father on ________.

A. the second day B. the third day C. the fourth day D. the fifth day

4. The man was very surprised because _________.

A. he thought the child's father was dead B. the child didn't ask him to sit down

C. the child gave him a cup of tea D. he couldn't find that piece of paper

5. What was burnt? ___________.

A. The piece of paper B. Mr Smith C. The visitor D. The boy

KEY: BCDAA

81

One of the things to be learnt in a foreign language is guessing all the time what kind of thing to come when listening to someone talking. People do this all the time in their own language, so it is necessary (必要的) to do this in a foreign language, too. Here are some examples.

1. "What's the matter？" "I went to a party last night, so I…"

2. "I feel so tired these days."" I think you'd better…"

3."Of course, she never stops talking. She is one of the most…"

You can see from the above three examples that the context (上下文) helps a lot in understanding what is being talked about. So "guessing "is very important in understanding English, especially (尤其)spoken English.

1.This passage tells us mainly about _________.

A. the importance of "guessing " in learning a foreign language

B. how to guess what one is going to talk about

C. some examples of right guessing

D. how important it is to guess all the time

2.from the context, we can see maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE I is _________.

A. "… so I didn't have a good time."    B. "…so I went to bed very late."

C. "…. So I felt unhappy."              D. "… so I got up very early."

3. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 2 is ________.

A. "I think you'd better have a good rest and take good care of yourself."

B. "I think you'd better have something to drink."

C. "I think you'd better get some help from your friends."

D. "I think you'd better be more careful."

4. Maybe the finished answer in EXAMPLE 3 is ______.

A. "… she is one of the most famous film stars."

B. "…she is one of the most beautiful women."

C. "… she is one of the most famous speakers."

D. " .. she is one of the most talkative women."

5. From the passage we can infer (推断) that guessing is _______in learning a foreign language.

A. the only way

B. more important in spoken English than in written English

C. more important than any other way

D. more important in written English than in spoken English

KEY: ABADB

82

Uncle Li and Uncle Wang are good friends. They live next to each other and their farms are both at the foot of the mountain. So they can help each other. But neither of them likes to use his head. They're both poor though they work hard. Most villagers have built new houses, but they still live in the low and broken houses. They never find out why.

Once Uncle Li went to town to buy some medicine for his wife. In the town he heard the apples in a city were expensive. He told Uncle Wang about it as soon as he went back. They decided to carry some apples to the city. They borrowed some money from their friends and bought nearly 1,000 kilograms of apples in the villages and carried them to the city on a tractor. Bad luck! A lot of apples has already been carried there when they arrived. A few days later they had to sell them at a low price (价格)。They felt unhappy and returned to their village.

"I can't understand why we sustained (蒙受) losses in business while others always profit (盈利)" Uncle Li asked one day.

"The tractor was too small " Uncle Wang said without thinking. "We'll carry more apples on a truck next time!"

"I agree!" said Uncle Li. "How foolish (傻的) we were !"

1. Uncle Li and Uncle Wang live in the low and broken houses because __________.

A. they hope to save money B. they're both poor

C. their farms are at the foot of the mountain D. they're not far from their farms

2. The two farmers carried the apples to the city to _________.

A. make a journey            B. visit some places of interest

C. meet their friends       D. make a profit

3. the tow farmers had to sell their apples at a low price because ________.

A. theirs weren't as good as the others' B. theirs were much less than the others'

C. a lot of apples had been already carried to the city D. they forgot to carry them on a truck

4. Uncle Li and Uncle Wang were unhappy because _________.

A. they had sustained losses in business B. they had lost some money in the city

C. something was wrong with the tractor D. other people profited in the city

5. Which of the following is true?

A. The two farmers found out why they were poor. B. The two farmers will soon get rich.

C. Neither of the farmers is clever. D. The two farmers decided to buy a truck.

KEY: BDCAC

83

On Christmas Eve─the night before Christmas Day─children all over Britain put a stocking at the end of their beds before they go to sleep. Their parents usually tell them that Father Christmas will come during the night.

Father Christmas is very kind and hearted. He gets to the top of each house and climbs down the chimney into the fireplace. He fills each of the stockings with Christmas presents.

Of course, Father Christmas isn't real. In Jim and Kate's house, "Father Christmas" is really Mr Green. Mr Green doesn't climb down the chimney. He waits until the children are asleep. Then he quietly goes into their bedrooms and fills their stockings with small presents. When they were very young, Mr Green sometimes wore a red coat. But he doesn't do that now. The children are no longer young, and they know who "Father Christmas" really is. But they still put their stockings at the end of their beds.

1. Christmas Eve is __________.

A. the night of Christmas Day    B. the evening of Christmas Day

C. Christmas Day                D. the night before Christmas Day

2. Father Christmas often puts presents ________.

A. into children's hats         B. into children's stockings

C. under children's beds        D. into children's shoes

3. When the children were very young, __________.

A. they didn't know who Father Christmas was

B. they knew that Father Christmas wasn't real

C. they thought their father was Father Christmas

D. they knew who put the presents into their stockings

4. When the children are older, they __________.

A. know that Father Christmas is real

B. ask their mother to fill their stockings with presents

C. know that Father Christmas is really their father

D. know that Father Christmas is really their friend

5. Father Christmas comes into the house through the ________.

A. chimney    B. back door    C. front door     D. window.

KEY: DBACA

84

To find out whether bees（蜜蜂）can see colours, the following experiment is made. A round table is put in a garden, and on the table is a piece of blue cardboard（硬纸版）with a drop of syrup（糖浆）on it. After a short time, bees come to the syrup. The bees then fly to their hive（蜂房）and give the syrup to other bees in the hive. Then they return to the feeding-place which they have found. After a while, the blue cardboard with the syrup on it is taken away. Instead of this card, a blue card is now put on the left side of the first feeding-place and a red card to its right. These new cards have no syrup on them. Very soon bees arrive again, and fly straight to the blue card. None go to the red card.

Picture 1

1. How many cards do you need to prepare for the experiment?

A. Two: one blue and one red B. Three: two blue and one red

C. Three: one blue and two red D. Four: two blue and two red

2. If Picture 1 below shows the table top during Step 1 of the experiment, which of A, B, C, D in Picture 2 shows the table top during Step 2?

Picture 2

3. During Step 2 of the experiment, the bees go to ________.

A. the blue card with syrup on it B. the new blue card with no syrup on it

C. the empty space where the original（原先的）blue card was

D. the new blue card with syrup on it on the left of the red card

4. The experiment has proved（证明）that bees ________.

A. cannot see colors        B. can see colors

C. can not see blue         D. cannot see red

5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Bees Love Blue           B. Bees Love Syrup

C. Bees, Color and Syrup    D. Can Bees See Color?

Keys: 1－5 BCBBD 

85

Now satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大气）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.

Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare（比较）them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.

So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.

1. Satellites travel _____________.

A. in space               B. in the atmosphere

C. above the ground       D. above space

2. Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because __________.

A. the weather satellites can do it easily B. clouds form there

C. the weather forms there D. the pictures can forecast the weather

3. Meteorologists forecast the weather __________.

A. when they have received satellite pictures

B. after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier ones

C. before they received satellite pictures

D. during they study satellite pictures

4. Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather for ________.

A. one day                B. two days

C. five days              D. seven days or even longer

5. The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _________.

A. taking pictures of the atmosphere B. receiving pictures of the atmosphere

C. doing other work in many ways D. weather forecasting

Keys: 1-5 ACBDD

86

In almost every big university（大学）in the United States, football is a favourite sport. American football is different. Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field. They have four chances（机会）to move the ball ten yards（码）. They can carry it or they can throw it. If they move the ball ten yards, they can try to move it another ten yards. If they move it to the end of the field, they receive six points（点.

It is difficult to move the ball. Eleven men on the other team try to stop the man with the ball. If he does not move the ball ten yards, his team kicks the ball the other team.

Each university wants its own team to win. Many thousands of people come to watch. They all shout for their favourite team.

Young men and women come on the field to help the people shout more. They dance and jump while they shout.

Each team plays ten or eleven games each season.

The season begins in September and ends in November. If a team is very good, it may play another game after the season ends. The best teams play again on January 1, the first day of the New Year. Many people go to see these games and many others watch them on TV.

1. The passage talks about ___________.

A. football             B. how to play football

C. American sport s      D. American football

2. We can _______ the football in both American football and Chinese football.

A. kick     B. throw    C. run with     D. catch

3. Why is it difficult to move the ball? Because ___________.

A. ten yards is a long way

B. many men on the other team try not to let the ball come near

C. the playing field is very large

D. eleven men have to catch the ball one by one

4. If they _________, the teams will play on January 1.

A. receive six points B. play eleven games in the season

C. are the best teams D. move the ball to the end of the field

5. Many people come to watch football and they want their team to win. Which of the following is not their act?

A. Jumping    B. Dancing    C. Crying     D. Shouting

Keys: 1-5 DABCC

87

“Who has more questions, a teacher or a student?” About this question a great learned man told his student that nobody does but a teacher.

The student got puzzled. With a smile, the teacher drew two circles（圆）. Within（在……里面）the larger one is my knowledge of things, and within the smaller one is yours. Out of the circles is still unknown to both of us. Since mine is larger, as you can see, the line that marks out the circle is longer. That makes it clear that who has more chances（机会）to face something still unknown.

1. The great learned man believed that ________.

A. a teacher has more questions B. a student has more questions

C. both a teacher and a student have questions

D. everyone, except a teacher, has more questions

2. The student thought that ________.

A. a student’s knowledge is less than his teacher’s because it comes from the teacher

B. a teacher can not necessarily answer all the questions his students ask

C. those who have less knowledge have more questions

D. anyone who learns more has more questions

3. At the end of the story, the great learned man concluded（推断）that ________.

A. a student should learn from his teacher

B. a teacher does not have so many questions as his student

C. a student knows more than his teacher

D. a teacher has more chances to face what he doesn’t know

4. Which of the following topics can NOT express the idea of the story?

A. You Will Never Learn Enough B. A Teacher and His Student

C. There Is No Limit to Knowledge D. One Is Never Too Old to Learn

5. We can often find such an article in ________.

A. the Palace Museum           B. any book

C. a newspaper of magazine      D. An encyclopedia（百科全书）

Keys: 1－5 ACDBA

88

Snow fell on the mountain. It snowed and snowed. The snow did not melt（融化）. It became deep and heavy. The snow on the bottom pressed （挤压）together., it became ice.

The ice was very wide and thick. It began to move down the mountain. It was like a river of ice. It was a glacier（冰河）.

Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches（英寸） each day. As it moved, it took rocks and dirt with it. It changed the land. In some places, it left hills. In some places, when the glacier melted, it made rivers and lakes.

A million years ago, there were many big glaciers. Glaciers covered many parts of the world. The glaciers changed the land.

Glaciers are still at work today. A glacier in the north of Canada is cutting a new path（路） down the side of a mountain. This glacier will change the land, too.

1. The snow that fell on the mountain

A. became snowman    B. melted     C. became ice     D. turned to rain

2. The word in the story that means a river of ice is __________.

3. The story says, “The snow did not melt. It became deep and heavy”. The word it means ____.

4. Which of the following does this story lead you to believe?

A. There are not as many glaciers as there used to be

B. Glaciers do not change the land as they move over it.

C. Glaciers are found only in warm places.

5. How fast did the glacier move? (Which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)

A. Sometimes the glacier moved only once a year.

B. Sometimes the glacier moved over ten miles each day.

C. Sometimes the glacier moved only a few inches each day.

6. The main idea of the whole story is that _______.

A. snow is heavy         B. the high land never changes C. glaciers changed the land

Key: 1.C  2. glacier  3.snow  3.A  4.C  5.C

89

Long ago, people in Rome（罗马） talked to one another in Latin（拉丁文）. Pupils in school learned to read and write in Latin. Books are in Latin.

Some Romans（罗马人） went to other parts of the world. They took their language with them. Soon Latin was used in many countries. It became a world language.

People in other countries did not talk in Latin the same way. In each land, they changed the language a little. As time went by, they made more changes. At last they did not talk in Latin any more. New languages had come from the old one.

People do not talk to one another in Latin today. But they still use many Latin words. You do, too. Street, wall, city, and salt are some of the Latin words we use. You are a pupil in school. Pupil is a Latin word. It means “little doll”.

1. Latin was used by people in _____.

A. Rome    B. the United States    C. Greece(希腊)     D. Texas

2. The word in the story that means what people speak and write is ______

3. The story says, “People do not talk to each other in Latin today. But they still use many Latin words,” The word they means ________.

4. Which of the following does this story lead you to believe?

A. It is not good to change a language. B. Pupils in schools today play with dolls.

C. Not many people can read Latin today.

5. What happened to Latin when it was taken to other countries?(which sentence is exactly like the one in your book?)

A. In each land, people talked about each other.

B. In each land, they changed the language a little

C. In each land, the children had to speak some Latin.

6. The main idea of the whole story is that ________.

A. Romans did not like to stay home

B. people in old Rome talked a lot to each other.

C. Latin changed as it moved from land to land.

Key: 1. A  2. language  3. people  4. C  5. B  6. C

90

A Leg Walking Right

Here are some signs + - x…, the signs are very different. They mean very different things. When you see them, you know what to do. This sign + means that you will add some numerals. This sign—means that you will take one numeral away from another. You will subtract（减去）. What will you do when you see x and… ?

Our signs are easy to read. They are easy signs to remember. Look at these two signs… .The ancient Egyptians used these signs. A picture of a leg walking to the left told them to add some numerals. A picture of a leg walking to the right told them to subtract.

In the 1500s people used this printed（印刷的） sign & to add numerals. After a while the sign began to look like this… .Later, the sign became +.

How much is 2…2?

1. What do you do when you see this sign +?

A. Walk away    B. Write a numeral    C. Read a sign    D. Add

2. The word in the story that means to take one numeral away from another is _____.

3. The story says, “Our signs are easy to read. They are easy signs to remember”. The word they means ______.

4. Which of the following does this story lead to believe?

A. Egyptians could not add numerals together B. All Egyptians had two left legs.

C. Our signs are not hard to understand

5. What did the sign to add numerals begin to look like(which sentence is exactly like the one in your book)?

A. After a while, the sign began to look like this… .

B. After a while, the sign began to look like this +.

C. After a while, the sign began to look like this &.

6. The main idea of the whole story is that ______.

A. the signs for adding and subtracting have changed.

B. People could not write in the 1500s

C. the old signs were good for Egyptians but not for us

Key: 1.D 2.substract 3.signs 4.C 5.A 6.A

91

Mexico's neighbours are the United States to the north and Guatemala and Belize to the south. Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States. Mexico has more than ninety million people. The language of Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the world's largest Spanish-speaking country.

Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The city is also very high. It is 7349 feet high (2240 metres). This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population, of Mexico City grows bigger every day. About thirty million people live there. It has more people than any other city in the world, even more than Tokyo.

Mexico also has its specialities. Many of the foods we eat started in Mexico. Foods like beans, maize, avocados, tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla, and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙人掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactus than any other country.

(Words: 161 Minutes: 3 )

1. Mexico is ____the USA.

A. on the south of         B. on the north of C. a part of               D. as large as

2. Mexicans speak______.

A. English                 C. French B. Spanish                 D. Latin(拉丁语)

3. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Mexico City is the capital of Mexico.

B. The population of Mexico City is 30,000,000.

C. Tokyo is one of the cities with the largest population.

D. Mexico City is the highest city in the world.

4. Tomatoes were originally (最初) grown in ______.

A. America    B. Spain     C. Tokyo    D. Mexico

5. The best title (题目) of the passage is ___.

A. Mexico City         B. Mexico's plants C. Mexico              D. Mexico's population

[Key] 1. A  2. B  3. D  4. D  5. C

92

A Trip to the Forest

One day Bob took two of his friends in-to the mountains. They put up their tents (帐篷) and then rode off to a forest to see how the trees were growing.

In the afternoon when they were about ten kilometres from their camp(营地), it start-ed to snow. More and more snow fell. Soon Bob could hardly see his hands before his face. He could not find the road. Bob knew there were two roads. One road went to the camp, and the other went to his house. But all was white snow. Everything was the same. How could he take his friends back to the camp?

Bob had an idea. The horses! Let the horses take them back! But what would hap-pen if the horses took the road to his house? That would be a trip of thirty-five kilometres in such cold weather!

It was getting late. They rode on and on. At last the horses stopped. Where were they? None of them could tell. John looked around. What was that under the tree? It was one of their tents!

1. John and his two friends went to the forest to ____.

A. build their camp B. find their way home

C. enjoy the mountains in the snow D. watch the trees in the forest

2. They could not find their way back be-cause ____.

A. there was only one road to their camp

B. they couldn't decide which of the two roads led to their tents

C. there were no roads in the mountains at all

D. everything was covered by the white snow

3. It is clear that they wanted the horses to take them to ____.

A. John's house        B. the camp C. the forest          D. the mountains

4. The horses stopped because____.

A. it was getting late B. they were tired after running for a long way

C. they knew that they had got to the camp D. they had seen John's house

5. The story happened ____.

A. on a cold winter day B. on a dark snowy evening

C. in a cold camp far from villages D. at night when nothing could be seen

[Key] 1. D  2. D  3. B  4. C  5. A

93

Two farmers were on their way home one evening after a hard day's work. Both were tired. They happened to look up at the sky and saw a black cloud overhead.

"Ah!" said one farmer, "tomorrow we shall have rain and the rice will grow well." The second answered, "Nonsense (胡说), the rain will only kill the crops (庄稼)."

So they began to quarrel (争吵). Just then a third farmer came along and asked them why they were quarreling. Both farmers explained about the black cloud.

"What cloud?" asked the third farmer. They all looked at the sky. The cloud was no longer there.

Choose the right answer

1. The two farmers were _____.

A. going home B. going to the field C. going to work D. going to see their friend

2. The two farmers _____ on that day.

A. had a holiday B. didn't work

C. worked hard D. wanted to quarrel with each other

3. When there are black block clouds in the sky, _____.

A. it will rain soon B. it will be fine

C. it will get hot D. the sun is shining brightly

4. The two farmers fought in words because _____.

A. they were hungry B. it rained

C. one said the rain would do good to the crops and the other didn't think so

D. they both hoped for rain

5. The third farmer came with and said to the other two. He _____.

A. wanted to make friends with them B. joined them in the quarrel

C. wanted to know why they were quarreling D. had nothings to do

6. How many farmers said that the rain would be helpful? _____.

A. None    B. One     C. Two     D. Three

Keys: ACACCB

94

Renting a color television makes more sense than buying. Here’s why:

1. The longer you rent (租), the less you pay. Each year the monthly rate is reduced. You can reach a low rate of not much more than $12 a week.

2. Service is fast and free. We can have your set installed (安装) in two days. If anything goes wrong, we’ll have it fixed the same day or lend you another set while we’re mending it. And don’t forget: service and spare parts are free!

3. If you don’t have an aerial (天线), we’ll install one for you, and that will be free, too. All you have to pay is the installation charge (安装费)!

4. You can choose from all kinds of models, and what’s more, if after a certain period of time, and you would like a new model, you can change. How’s that for service?

5. No deposit (押金) is needed. You pay only the monthly rental fee. But if you pay in advance, you can save money. Pay twelve months’ fees when you begin to hire, and we’ll give you a month’s hire without charge.

6. If you decide that you want to stop renting and buy the set you have on hire, this can be arranged—with a generous allowance (折扣) for the fees already paid.

1. From the passage we know _______________________.

A. the more you rent, the less you pay

B. the lowest weekly rental fee is much more than $12

C. the longer you rent, the less you pay

D. if you rent a TV set for a long time, service and spare parts will be free

2. What is the good of paying twelve months’ fees when you begin to hire?

A. One and a half months’ hire free of charge.

B. One month’s hire free of charge.

C. Half a month’s hire free of charge.

D. One-fourth of a month’s hire free of charge.

3. What does “pay in advance” mean?

A. You pay the rent for a period of time before you actually get the television.

B. You go ahead and pay the rent.

C. You pay the rent in front of anyone.

D. You will be the first to pay the rent.

4. If you want to rent a color television, ____________________.

A. leasing company (租赁公司) can have your set installed the same day

B. you can have a choice of sets to rent

C. leasing company will install an aerial for you free of charge

D. you must have an aerial

5. This passage is a (an) _______________________.

A. book B. report C. advertisement D. picture

 Key: 1-5 CBABC

 95

We have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different time of day. This is so familiar that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. Yet no one really understands why flowers open and close like this at particular times. The process (过程) is not as simple as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. In one study, flowers were kept in constant (连续的) darkness. We might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not open as they normally do. In fact, they continued to open at their usual time. This suggests that they have some mysterious (神秘的) way of knowing the time. Their sense of time does not depend on information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock”.

This discovery (发现) may not seem to be very important. However, it was later found that not just plants but also animals —including man —have this “inner clock” which controls the working of their bodies and influences (影响) their activities. Men, then, are also influenced by this mysterious power. Whether we wish it or not, it affects such things in our life as our need for sleep, our need for food.

In the past, this did not matter very much because people lived in natural condition. In the modern world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in ordinary life, a lot of people who have to work at night. It would be very useful, then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such ordinary things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves.

1. A recent experiment showed that ________________.

A. different flowers open and close at different times of day

B. for their opening and closing, flowers do not need information from the outside world

C. flowers are influenced by weak light even when they are in a dark room

D. flowers can be used for telling the time

2. The “inner clock” _________________________.

A. is an unimportant discovery B. is only found in animals

C. has not been understood by far D. has an effect on human life

3. Further study of the “inner clock” will be useful because ________________.

A. it might help us in some way

B. we do not yet understand plants and animals well enough

C. the number of spacemen and airplane pilots is fast increasing

D. we should try to live more naturally than we do now

4. Kept in constant darkness, flowers ________________________.

A. will not open or close as usual B. will not open any longer

C. will open as they do in natural conditions D. will always remain in full blossom (开花)

5. ________________ have a mysterious power of knowing time without information from the outside world.

A. Animals including man as well as plants B. All living things except man

C. Flowers are the only things in the world that D. Neither animals nor plants

Key: 1-5 BDACA

96

.In the old days, in London, the smog (烟雾) was very thick. Car and bus drivers___________ to drive very slowly: they could ___________ see the road in front of them even during the daytime. People did not like going out in the smog. If they had to go out, they _____________“smogmask (防雾面具)” over their faces.

In December 1952, a very ________ dark cloud came down over London. It was the ________ smog Londoners had ever had. _________ of it was bad factory smoke. Nearly fifty people died in road accidents. But many more people became unhealthy (not healthy). The smog was very _________ for old people and children. One man said, “The streets were almost ____________ because people stayed at home as much as __________. The air was very thick, and you could almost cut it with a knife.”

After three weeks, the smog began to ___________. But in the following weeks and months over 4,000 people died as a result of the smog.

(had, hardly, wore, thick, worst, Most/Much, dangerous, empty, possible, lift)

97

.There are a few different r_____(1) why people use small talk.The first,and most obvious,is to break an uncomfortable s____(2).Another reason,however,is simply to kill t____(3).That is why it is so common to make small talk when you are w____(4) for something.Some people make small talk in order to be p____(5).You may not feel l_____(6) chatting with anyone at a party,but it is r____(7) to just sit in a corner by yourself.After someone i____(8) you to another person,you do not know anything about them,so in order to show a polite i____(9) in getting to know them better,you have to start with some small talk.And remember in an English-speaking environment it is often b____(10) to make a few mistakes than to say nothing at all!

( reasons; silence;time;waiting;polite; like; rude; introduce;intention; better)

98

98

Knowing about yourself means not only that you find what you are good at and what you like, it also means discovering what you are not good at and what you don’t like. Both help you to see your aim in life.

Although most students would be unhappy if they found that they had failed an advanced math course, they have actually learned a great deal about themselves. They know they should not become engineers or physical scientist, and that they should not be good at accounting work. So failing can help a student to lead a much happier life he or she draws the right conclusion from the failing. They may then decide on their aim and choose the kind of work they would like to do.

It is impossible to decide whether or not you like something until you have tried it. If you decide that you would like to play the violin, you need to take more than one lesson before you can know whether you have any interest or ability.

It’s not enough to want to be a violinist. You also have to like the hard and long training before you become one. If you would enjoy being a great violinist but hate the work, forget it.

It’s a good plan to try as many as possible when you are still young. And then you will come to a wise decision.

1. If you say you really know yourself,_________________.

A. you know what you are good at. B. you have got the whole picture of yourself.

C. you keep in mind your aim in life. D. you have less you don’t like than what you like.

2. The writer suggests ____________________.

A. failure is a better mirror B. advanced math courses help you to know yourselves.

C. success is more helpful. D. when one is unhappy he gets to know himself better.

3. Failing can turn into something good ___________________.

A. if you have aim in life and get the job you wish to have B. if you lead a happier life

C. if your decision is right D. if you learn something from it

4. The example of “playing the violin” in Paragraph 3 and 4 implies that _________________.

A. if you don’t like music, don’t practice the violin

B. it takes more than one lesson to learn to play the violin.

C. you can decide only after you have tried.

D. you can become a great violinist only after hard and long training.

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. You have enough time before you come to a wise decision.

B. The more experiences, the better decision you will have.

C.Test ideas, compare and then decide.

D. People always make hasty decisions.

答案：B, A, D, C, D

99

In Britain you are allowed to drive a car when you are seventeen. You have to get a special two-year driving license before you can start. When you are learning, someone with a full license always has to be in the car with you because you aren’t allowed to drive the car on the road alone. You don’t have to go to a driving school –--- a friend can teach you. The person with you isn’t allowed to take the money for the lesson unless he’s got a teacher’s license.

Before you are allowed to have a full license, you have to take a driving test. You can take a test in your own car, but it has to be fit for the road. In the test you have to drive round for about half an hour and then answer a few questions. If you don’t pass the test, you are allowed to take it again a few weeks later if you want to. In 1970 a woman passed her fortieth test after 212 driving lessons. When you’ve passed your test, you don’t have to take it again, and you are allowed to go on driving as long as you like. Britain’s oldest driver was a man who drove in 1974 at the age of 100.

Before 1904 everyone was allowed to drive, even children. Then from 1904 car drivers had to have a license. But they didn’t have to take a test until 1935. On the early days of car driving, before 1878, cars weren’t allowed to go faster than four miles an hour, and someone had to lead the car with a red flag.

( ) 1. Which of the following is not necessary for a young man who wants to drive a car alone?

A. He should reach the age of 17. B. He should get a special two-year driving license.

C. He should learn to drive in a driving school. D. He should pass a driving test to get a full license

( ) 2. A person can’t take money for driving lessons unless he ________.

A. has learnt to drive in a driving school. B. has a full driving license.

C. has a full license and a teacher’s license. D. is given a special two-year driving license

( ) 3. In the driving test, one _____________.

A. mustn’t drive his car, even though the car is fit for the road. B. is usually asked to drive on roads for some time. C. has to be examined only in car driving skills

D. must drive round for more than an hour

( ) 4. Which of the following is not true?

A. There is no limit to the age of a man who drives a car. B. One can take a driving test again and again until he passes it. C. There was a speed limit to cars before 1878

D. A car driver didn’t have to get a limit license until 1935.

( ) 5. The best title for the passage is ______________.

A. Driving licenses in Britain. B. Tests for Britain people.

C. Driving cars. D. Young Men’s driving licenses

答案：C, C, B, D, A

98

Today is April Fools' Day,so we could cheat our English teacher-Miss Zhang.We erasered the lessons' names,and c_____ English into physics. When Miss Zhang came into the c_____,all of us pretended to be taken by a big s_____,and said to her.“Miss Zhang,please look at the school time table. It's time for physics,not for English.” After h_____ these words,she really b_____ us. Shesaid,“I'm sorry,boys and girls. It's my fault.” And she was g_____ out of the classroom. When we saw this,we all l_____. Oh,Miss Zhang knew what had happened.She came back and laughed,too.

Then she took a lot of p_____ of paper out of her bag and said ,“Today,let's have an exam.”“ We were all shocked. But Miss Zhang b_____ to laugh again. “Ladies and gentlemen,it's April Fools' Day”

(changed classroom secret hearing belived gone laughed pages began)

初中英语阅读理解100篇