Unit 1 The Roots of Chemistry

I. Comprehension.

1.It can be inferred from this article which one of the following items is not mainly based on practical use C. Greek chemistry

2. It was B. Empedocless who first introduced the idea that all things are not formed from just one element.

3. In the development of Greek chemistry, D. Democritus was the first one definiting the ultimately constituents of matter?

4. According to Plato, there are B. 4 “elements” whose faces are constituted by regular polygons.

5. In the last paragraph,authors think that experiment D

D.can deal with the reactions by which one substance is converted into another

II. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.

1. The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is necessary to employ various methods for this purpose.

2. Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.

3. Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet.

4. People are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereas others are highly complex.

5. Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there is neither life nor death.

6. Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates all aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.

III. Translation.

1. (a)化学过程； (b)自然科学； （c）蒸馏技术

(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation

2. 正是原子构成铁、水、氧等。

It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and so on.

3. 化学具有悠久的历史，事实上，人类的化学活动可追溯到无记录时代以前

Chemistry has a very long history, in fact, human activity in chemistry goes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.

4. 根据水的蒸发现象，人们认识到液体在一定条件下可以变成气体

According to the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.

5. 在你使用这种材料之前，你必须弄清它的各种性质

You must make sure the properties of the material before you use it.

IV. Translation

化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（I）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）；和（III）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。

Unit 4 Dinking Water Quality And Health

1.The uniqueness of the compound’s structure is A. necessary to learning its synthesis and its application.

2.The structure B. conversation of this molecule leads to its various usage

3.There is a wide range of compounds at trace levels that cannot be thoroughly D. eliminated from the water

4.What’s the main idea of this text? D

D.Water carries many chemical components that result in various diseases

5.What happens when people are exposed to low concentrations of chemical constituents? C

C.They will be sick over a long time, sometimes a lifelong time

6.What kind of evidence shows that chemicals in drinking effect human health? C

C.Though no clear evidence, there are really some precautions for it

7.Which organization does the European Union is preferred to follow its legislation on minimum drinking water quality? A.W.H.O

8.What’s the reason that led is still a danger to man’s health? D

D.Although lead is seldom used now, there still exist many older lead properties in use

9.There is no evidence that nitrate-contained water will cause gastric cancer, because A

A.the increase in nitrate level sometime result to a decrease in gastric cancer rates

1.Some chemicals are accumulated in the bodies of certain organisms, concentrations of them reflecting environmental pollution levels over time

2.Nonyl-phenols were suspected of stimulating vitellogenin production in the trout

3.Clearly, some chemical in the effluent was behaving like a female hormone and the fish provided an early warning of a potential problem requiring urgent investigation

4.This compound is normally produces in the liver of female fish in response to the hormone oestradiol and is incorporated into the yolk of developing eggs

5.The amount of change in the community will be related to the severity of the incident

6.the definition of pollution given above includes the adverse effects on living resources and ecological systems so that impacts need quantifying

7.The measured quantities can then be compared with standards of allowable concentrations

8.Water pollution can be defined as the introduction by man into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause hazards to health, harm to living resources and ecological systems, damage to structure or amenity, or interference in/with legitimate uses of the environment

9.How people design computer game is beyond me

10.Anyone with an annual income of under 5000 may be eligible to apply

1.饮水中毒的例子有时是触目惊心的

The case of water poisoning is sometimes shocking

2.生物耗氧量的定义是与1L废水中的还原剂作用所需的氧气质量

Biological oxygen demand is defined with 1L water reducing agent in the role of the oxygen required quality

3.人体中大部分的水是喝进去的，但是相当一部分来自食物，还有相当一部分水是人体对食物中的氢原子进行氧化时生成的

The body most of the water is to drink it, but rather part from food, there is a considerable portion of water is the body of the food in the hydrogen oxidation is generated when the

（完整版）应用化学专业英语（课后答案和课文翻译）