IV. Chinese Translation of Paragraphs

1. 旅行好比私通：人总受到背叛自己国家的诱惑。拥有想象力，必定意味着对自己生活的地方不再满意。男人都有一种离心倾向，我们渴望旅行，恰似那些寻欢的情人。

2. 也只有在旅行之时，我们才赞赏古旧之物。在国内——至少对美国人而言，所有东西都必须得是新近的。但是我们走出国门的时候，却只对古老的东西感兴趣，因为我们想看看那些历经时间侵袭而保存下来的遗迹。

3. 我们旅行的时候，会放下戒备和忧虑，渴望回归过去；我们是向后倒退而非向前迈进；我们培养着自己的歇斯底里。

4. 我们旅行的时候会呈现出自己最好的一面，正如我们穿上自己最漂亮的衣服出行一般，只有我们的护照才会提醒我们，实际上自己是多么平淡无奇！我们出国去认识我们那个陌生的自己，那个诞生在飞机上且令人激动的陌生人。我们去欧洲观赏那些借便利之名已经从我们的文化中废掉或剔除的一切：宗教、皇室、古雅、差异以及激情。我们深信其他国家的人民比我们更加热情奔放。

5. 我们每个人都在伪装——不然缘何我们会戴上墨镜并在谈吐举止中尽力模仿另一个地方的本土居民呢？在家里，我们才做回自己；出国后，我们则尽力成为自己始终想做的人。尽管最近大家都在谈论有关根的话题，但我们中的许多人都厌倦了自己的根，而这根本身也可能入土很浅，于是我们四处 旅行，寻找无根的感觉 。

6. 人变得好奇起来，旅行也就开始了。教会的影响力、传统的生活方式、缺乏钱财、难得闲暇, 都制约了人们的好奇心。直到17世纪，在科学发现的促进之下，物质世界的大门才被 撬开。也只有那时，人们才开始旅行，寻求世俗的快慰。

7. 旅行可增长见识，可洞悉本国或异域的文化，可造就现代人的厌倦感。类似十字军东征的元素在现代旅行者身上依然存在，只不过他是个人出征，这是驱使他远离家乡，进行说不清道不明的精神征战的一种冲动。

8. 当然，旅行最普通的原因就是为了远离家乡。弗洛伊德说我们旅行是为了逃离父亲和家庭，而我们也可以补充说是为了逃离我们熟悉的一切。人们经常会有放弃生活的念头，走出自己的生活。

9. 旅行之时，我们是在度假休闲 —— 即生活空闲有待填补。有些游客疯狂购物，那是他们试图在购买新的生活。身在异乡的人会有种解脱的奢华享受，他可以自由交往，无需承担 任何责任。个人顿时成了看客，永远立于不败之地的看客。

10. 我们在户外生机盎然的夏日出行，因此我们仅能看到人们夏日的模样，而难见他们令人悲伤的秋天、黑暗漫长的冬天以及残酷的春天。我们所到之处都镀上了金色的阳光，花朵和树木则好比抛向历史的花束。

11. 还有语言——撇开自己那满口陈词滥调的语言是多么令人愉快！用另一种语言去交谈又是多么动听！仿佛我们的耳朵经清洗过一般。只要我们不太理解其意，任何外语都是诗歌。

12. 正因为旅行的缘由很多——有些还自相矛盾——所以游记就好比行李箱，作家努力将所有东西都塞入其中。游记最有趣 的部分是一个逐渐品味的过程，它表达了对某种特殊事物的怀旧情感。旅行好比在异国他乡玩的童真游戏，犹如我们儿时玩过家家一样。

13. 游记所描绘的是悲剧的弧线：它开场时兴高采烈，落幕时心情低落。最早的游客。出国看奇观，去赞赏世界的丰富多彩——而当下的游客好比是坐在垂死文化床边的访客；早期的游客对陌生之地一见钟情——而现在我们只有在最后一眼、死前最后一吻、最后一息之际才懂得爱。在古代有些社会中，儿子要吸入父亲去世前最后一口气，其中含有他父亲将要离体的魂魄,如今的游客也做着类似的事情。

14. 游记创作现已成为真正的现代事物，充满了当前对过去的惋惜。我们旅行时像保险评估员，评估着每处的损失。在国内我们强硬反对任何类型的种族差异，而在国外我们却崇拜这种差异。具有讽刺意味的是，美国人比欧洲人更需要欧洲。譬如对巴黎人而言，巴黎是生活的地方，但对美国人而言，那里是梦想的地方。

15. “我不期待在不久的将来看到很多游记，”伊夫林·沃1946年写道 。他看到世界正朝“单一文化”方向发展，不同的地域感正在滑向无感状态。但沃没能预见的是，游记也会像小说和诗歌那样发生变化，而且文化的任何滑移都会产生独特的文学。他低估了我们旅行动机的多样性。

16. 也总有些游客外出旅行是为了自讨苦头，为他们的焦虑与绝望寻找合理的解释，为他们梦想的幻灭贴上标签，恰如以前蒸汽船的行李箱上贴满标签一样。要不为何保罗·索鲁要去他显然很厌恶的南美旅行？施瓦·奈保尔最怕的噩梦在非洲得到了证实，正如他弟弟的噩梦在亚洲得到证实一样。格雷厄姆·格林则为了独自忏悔而在利比里亚丛林游荡了四个月。

17. 甚至连废墟也变了。古典的废墟已荡然无存，现在很多地方纯粹已被“毁坏”。对此也有游客乐不可支，他们为破败而喜欢破败。对他们而言，破败就是当代异域风情的代名词。 这是一种极端负面的情绪，一种见毁心喜的病态。

18. 当国外可寻的异域风情越来越少的时候，游记作家就被迫从自身寻找异域特色——以及优美风景——离心倾向由此变为向心运 动。现代游记会记录某些东西的缺失，正如经典著 作会讲述它们的存在一样。在《卡尔斯之行》中，具有讽刺意味的是，菲利普·格雷兹布鲁克游访了几个毫无特色的土 耳其村庄，似乎仅仅是为了去一下那些地方。（讽刺似乎已经成为了当代游客随洗随干的汗衫 。）像格雷兹布鲁克那 样极具见识的游客所要追求的东西之一就是一个可以突显他自身的地方。

19. 或许我们将来得像詹姆士·霍尔曼那样旅行。他由于失明从英国海军病退以后，于1819年开始环游世界。虽然他基本上是单独旅行，也不会讲外语，且只乘公共交通，但他旅行的脚步却远至西伯利亚。返回家乡之后，他出版了几部厚厚的著作，描述他的所见所闻。他说他虽然失明了，但却很少觉得错过什么东西。（他途中曾经遇到过一位聋子，两人还结伴而行 。）

20. 由于失明，人们常常会请霍尔曼挤捏东西以感知它们——这也正是现今游客必须做的事情。他必须挤挤他到访的地方，以便能挤出点东西，任何东西都行。

III. Language Work

1. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.

1). We’re going to see in Europe everything we have eliminated or edited out of our own culture in the name of convenience ...

have removed from; for the sake of

2). ... the lack of money and leisure had all restrained curiosity until the seventeenth century, when under pressure of scientific discoveries, the physical world began to gape open.

inhibited; open widely

3). The frenzied shopping of some travelers is an attempt to buy a new life.

spending sprees/wild shopping

4). The places we visit are gold-plated by the sun.

beautified

5). We cling to the belief that other peoples are more passionate than we are.

cherish/adhere to

6). There have always been travelers who went to look for the worst, to find rationalizations for their anxiety or despair ...

find reasons or excuses for

7). Why else would Paul Theroux go to South America, which he so obviously detested?

For what other reason; disliked

8. Shiva Naipaul’s worst fears were confirmed in Africa ...

proved to be well-grounded

9). Graham Greene spent four months traveling in the Liberian jungle as a private penance.

way to punish himself for the wrong things he had done

10). Perhaps in the future we shall have to travel like James Holman, who, after being invalided out of the British navy because he had gone blind, set out in 1819 to see the world

leaving the British navy because he was an invalid; started traveling

2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1). In the film, he is able to depict the sense of otherness (other) and alienation that many teenagers feel.

2). The sophistication (sophisticate) of computers is increasing as their size decreases.

3). Don’t be so impulsive (impulse) — think before you act.

4). The father-daughter relationship is a recurrent (recur) theme in her novels.

5). I keep getting contradictory (contradict) advice — some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.

6). Talking about our past family reunions has made me feel quite nostalgic (nostalgia).

7). The group has always been characterized by an uncompromising militancy (militantly).

8). She has the distinction (distinct) of being one of the few people to have an honorary degree conferred on her by the university this year.

9). There is increasing disillusionment (disillusion) with the management of the company.

10). We are still awaiting confirmation (confirm) of the exact number of casualties.

3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

be opposed to | in search of | stand out | put aside

tempt | invalid | disengage from | cling to

edit out | give way to | crusade | last-ditch attempt

1). In a last ditch-attempt to save his party from electoral defeat, he resigned from the leadership.

2). You’re tempting fate by riding your bike without wearing a bicycle helmet.

3). Let’s put our differences aside and make a fresh start.

4). In some areas, modern intensive farming is giving way to the re-introduction of traditional methods.

5). She was shot by a sniper when she went out in search of firewood.

6). Most of the violent scenes were edited out for television.

7). The number-one rule for being a good colleague is to disengage your emotions from the working relationship.

8). She is opposed to religious education in schools.

9). She clings to the hope that her husband will come back to her.

10). We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one stood out from the rest.

11). She crusaded against sex and violence on television.

12). She was invalided out of the service because of injuries she received in a fire.

4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.

1). In old movies, the police shouted “Open up in the name of the law” before they broke the door down.

by the right of

2). When the post fell vacant, Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it.

became available

3). The party leader is said to be concerned about the slippage in the recent opinion polls.

decline (of popularity)

4). Her voice heavy with irony, Simone said, “We’re so pleased you were able to stay so long.”

Sounding highly ironical

5). As she was waiting to go into the examination room, he squeezed her hand and wished her good luck.

pressed her hand affectionately

6). Yields on gas and electricity shares are consistently high.

Profits

7). It’s plain reporting of the facts — there’s not much editorial content.

opinion of the editors

8). We must get to the root of this problem

find out the cause of

9). She dresses very provocatively.

seductively

10). She started laughing hysterically.

wildly/without control

5. Correct the errors in the following passage. The passage contains ten errors, one in each indicated line. In each case, only one word is involved.

Corrections should be done as follows:

Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct word in the blank.

Extra word: delete the extra word with an “×.”

Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” and write the missing word in the blank.

6. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.

Why We Travel?

We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, (1) next, to find ourselves. We travel to (2) open our hearts and eyes and learn more about the world than our newspapers will accommodate. We travel to bring what little we can, in our ignorance and knowledge, to those parts of the globe whose riches are differently dispersed. And we travel, in (3) essence, to become young fools again — to (4) slow time down and get taken (5) in, and fall in love once more. The beauty of this whole process was best described, perhaps, before people even took (6) to frequent flying, by George Santayana in his lapidary essay, “The Philosophy of Travel.” We “need sometimes,” the Harvard philosopher wrote, “to (7) escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, (8) into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to (9) sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what.”

I like that stress on (10) work, since never more than on the road are we shown how proportional our blessings are to the (11) difficulty that precedes them; and I like the (12) stress on a holiday that’s “moral” since we fall into our ethical habits as (13) easily as into our beds at night. Few of us ever forget the connection between “travel” and “travail,” and I know that I travel in large part in search of (14) hardship — both my own, which I want to feel, and others’, which I need to see. Travel in that sense guides us toward a better (15) balance of wisdom and compassion — of seeing the world clearly, and yet feeling it truly. For (16) seeing without feeling can obviously be uncaring; while (17) feeling without seeing can be blind.

Yet for me the first great joy of traveling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs and certainties at (18) home, and seeing everything I thought I knew in a (19) different light, and from a crooked (20) angle. In that regard, even a Kentucky Fried Chicken outlet in Beijing can be both novelty and revelation: In China, after all, people will pay a whole week’s wages to eat with Colonel Sanders.

IV. Translation

1. Translating Sentences

1). 这么多年过去了，现在他仍然抱着她会被他的爱所感动并嫁给他的希望。(cling to)

After so many years he is still clinging to the hope that she will be moved by his love and marry him.

cling to: to stick to or fit very tightly on something

e.g. Gareth's dripping clothes clung to his body.

2). 为了友谊，他选择对约翰的严重错误保持沉默。(in the name of)

He chose to remain silent about John’s serious mistake in the name of friendship.

in the name of: representing someone or something

e.g. They said they came in the name of peace.

3). 他感觉自己在所有那些聪明人中间像个冒牌货——似乎他根本没资格在那儿。(impostor)

He felt like an impostor among all those intelligent people, as if he had no right to be there.

impostor n. someone who pretends to be someone else, in order to trick people

e.g. We knew he was an impostor because he spoke with a foreign accent.

4). 她因滑稽、粗俗和大胆成了美国最出名的电视名人之一。(profane)

Funny, profane and fearless, she has become one of America’s biggest television celebrities.

profane adj. showing a lack of respect for God or religious objects, places, or beliefs

e.g. He doesn't dare to profane the name of God.

5). 一群好奇的旁观者很快聚拢过来看发生了什么事。(onlooker)

A crowd of curious onlookers soon gathered to see what was happening.

onlooker n. someone who watches something happen but does not take part in it

e.g. An impartial onlooker must be sought out.

6). 再次听到那支曲子使他内心充满了怀旧之情。(nostalgia)

Hearing that tune again filled him with nostalgia.

nostalgia n. thoughts about happy times in your past, often mixed with the wish to be back in the past

e.g. a strong feeling of nostalgia

stories full of nostalgia for the good old days

7). 我讨厌不得不在天还没亮时起床。(detest)

I detest having to get up when it’s still dark outside.

detest vt. to hate someone or something

e.g. I detest people who deceive and tell lies.

Elites always detest gifted and nimble outsiders.

8). 地方政府的这项新政策引起了环保组织的强烈抗议。(provoke)

The new policy of the local government provoked a storm of protest from the environmental protection organizations.

provoke vt. to deliberately try to make someone angry

e.g. He's just trying to provoke you.

She couldn't provoke him into arguing.

9). 这本书中有好几个优美的描写片段。(sublime)

The book contains sublime descriptive passages.

sublime adj. extremely good or beautiful

e.g. Sublime music filled the air.

He is a man of sublime virtue.

10). 我察觉到他对安排不大满意，于是预订了另一家旅馆。(perceive)

Perceiving that he wasn’t happy with the arrangements, I booked a different hotel.

perceive vt. to understand or think about something in a particular way

e.g. School heads perceive their roles in different ways.

Computers were often perceived as a threat.

2. Translate the following passage into English.

世界上有几百万人依靠国家地理学会 (the National Geographic Society) 获取信息。每年都有数以千计的游客参观位于哥伦比亚特区华盛顿市中心的该学会探险者展厅(Explorers Hall)。这个博物馆里的展品和现代技术帮助他们了解地球及其环境。

国家地理学会出版在世界上广受欢迎的地图、书籍和杂志；制作电影和电视片；为学校制作计算机程序和录像。学会的研究与探索委员会 (Committee for Research and Exploration)为研究从考古学到动物学的课题的科学家提供资金。

国家地理学会支持地理学的教学。地理学是研究地球的学问。学会帮助培养地理学教师。学会在它的因特网网站上向计算机用户提供有关研究人员和探险家的活动的最新信息。

参考译文

Millions of people around the world depend on the National Geographic Society for information. Each year, thousands of visitors tour the society’s Explorers Hall in central Washington, D.C. Exhibits and modern technology in this museum help them learn about the Earth and its environment.

The National Geographic Society produces maps, books, and magazines that are popular around the world. It also produces films and television shows. And it makes computer programs and videos for schools. The society’s Committee for Research and Exploration gives money to scientists working in subjects from archaeology to zoology.

The National Geographic Society supports the teaching of geography — the study of the Earth. It helps train teachers in geography. It offers computer users the latest information about the activities of researchers and explorers on its Internet website.

— Shirley MacLaine

英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案Answer to unit 6