一、大部分可数名词的复数及动词第三人称单数的一般现在式,就是以-(e)s结尾的,如:

moths,glasses;digs,teaches等。其读法就是:

1.在清辅音后读/s/。

例:months/m)nIs/,cakes/keiks/,stops/st&ps/,laughs/la%:: :fs/

2.在浊辅音及元音后读/z/。

例:girls/g+:lz/,pictures/'piktM+z/,potatoes/p+'teit+z/,reads/ri:dz/,digs/digz/,cries/kraiz/

3.在/s/、/z/、/M/、/tM/、/d{/等音后-es发/iz/。

例:glasses/'gla:siz/,bridges/'brid{iz/,noses/'n+uziz/,teaches/'ti:tMiz/,wash-es/'w&Miz/

请注意下面这些词单复数的发音变化:

house/haus/→houses/'hauziz/,mouth/mauI/→mouths/mauJz/

p

字母s的读音有/s/、/z/、/M/、/{/这几种,下面主要讲讲发/s/音的几条规则。

一、s在词首时,除了sugar,sure以及sh组合发/M/以外,其余一般发/s/。

例:surface/'s+:fis/,serve/s+:v/,seven/sevn/,six/siks/,some/s)m/,sign/sain/

比较:design/di'zain/

一般前缀,合成词不影响其读音。s仍读成/s/。

例:unsafe/)n'seif/,unsatisfactory/)n$+tis'f$k+t+t+ri/,roadside/'r+udsaid/,teaspoon/'ti:spu:n/,snowstorm/'sn+ust&:m/

二、两个s在词尾时读作/s/。

例:grass,glass,address,press,success,pass,miss,stress,across,swiss,puss,progress,process,kiss

三、词尾s在u后读作/s/。

例:bus/b)s/,us/)s/,minus/'main+s/,abacus/'$bks/,plus/pl)s/,status/'steit+s/,virus/'vai+r+s/

四、在sis组合的弱读中,两个s都读作/s/。

例:emphasis/'emf+sis/,analysis+='nlsis/,thesis/'I:sis/,crisis/'kraisis/

五、s在字母c前常读作/s/。

例:muscle/'m)sl/,discipline/'disiplin/,science/'sai+ns/

六、s在某些前后缀中读作/s/。

1.在前缀mis-,dis-中,s读作/s/。

例:mismanage/?mis'm$niDN/,misjudge/?mis'DN)DN/,misbelieve/?misbi'l:v/,disorder/di's&:d+/,disobey/dis+'dei/

2.在后缀－sive,sity,－self,-some,-sy中,s读作/s/。

例:expensive/ik'spensiv/,intensive/in'tensiv/,decisive/di'saisiv/

yourself/j&:'self/,handsome/'h$ns+m/,troublesome/'tr)blsm/,tiresome/tai+s+m/,quarrelsome/'kw&r+ls+m/

七、s在清辅音前后常读作/s/。

1.s在清辅音前常读作/s/。

例:honest/'&:nist/,newspaper/'nj(:?speip/,task/t%:sk/,satisfy/'s$tisfai/,grasp/gr%:sp/

2.s在清辅音后常读作/s/。

例:sportsman/'sp&:tsmn/,works/w+:ks/,stops/st&ps/,roofs/r(:fs/.

八、词尾se在字母r,l,n后读作/s/。

例:horse/h&:s/,nurse/n+:s/,worse/w+:s/,course/k&:s/,universe/'j(:nivs/,pulse/p)ls/,else/els/,tense/tens/,sense/sens/