陈嘉庚生平事迹(全)

发布时间:2016-04-26 12:01:04

村, 1874 10 21日。 1890 17 坡。 商。 1904 落, 上, 本, 厂, 业, 业。 业, 1925年, 1200 元, 上, 驱。

时, 作, 代, 校, 授。 坡, 1907 1947 40 南、 同、 福、 学, 学, 中。 国, 1913 1920年, 院, 校。 1921 学, 16 久。

然, 1930 了, " " 存, 样。

余, 任, 习, 力。 发, 走, 广 侨, 亡, 捐, 战, 献。

1961 8 12 世, 87岁, 献。

BIRTH AND FAMILY

An overseas Chinese legend, Mr Tan Kah Kee's legacies have inspired many in Southeast Asia. From humble immigrant origins, he rose to a prominence which few can match. Best remembered as an eminent entrepreneur, social reformer, political activist, philanthropist, community leader, and educationist, he died at the age of 87 in Beijing on 12 August 1961 and was accorded a national funeral by the Chinese Government for his contribution to society.

Born on 21 October 1874 in Fujian, China. At the age of 17, Mr Tan arrived in Singapore to join his father, Mr Tan Kee Peck in the family's rice business.

Business reponsibilities came early as his father's business failed in 1904, leaving him much on his own. With extraordinary fortitude, enterprise and risk-taking ability, he set about establishing a business of his own which began in pineapple canning, then diversified into rice milling. He eventually found the mainstay of his fortune in rubber plantation. The switch from rubber plantation to rubber manufacturing was a move he made boldly, and it established him as one of the most successful Chinese overseas businessmen in the whole of Southeast Asia.

By the 1920s, he thus came to preside over a huge business empire which extended into most East and Southeast Asian cities, employed over 10,000 persons. It spanned areas as diverse as rubber plantation and manufacturing, shipping, import and export brokerage, real estate and rice trading.

His business success put him in the forefront of the leadership of the Hokkien community from which he originated. He held advanced views about social reform and criticised several outmoded practices then prevalent, such as gambling, opium-smoking and ritual extravagance.

An abiding interest that underpinned Mr Tan Kah Kee's multi-faceted public activities, sprang from his firm commitment to educational philanthropy. In 1894, at the age of 21, he established a school in his village in Jimel. In the decades, thereafter, his enthusiasm and passion for educational philanthropy grew, culminating in his endowment of the Xiamen university in 1921.

In Singapore Tan Kah Kee's educational endeavours were impressive, imbued by the same missionary zeal and vision that had inspired him to found the Xiamen University. Through his inspiration, five primary and secondary Chinese schools were founded here, chief among them being the Chinese High School. He also generously donated to schools which imparted English education. For instance, he donated $30,000 to Anglo-Chinese School in 1919.

1890 17 1892 便

1903 便 " " 1904 " " " " " " 使 20 " "

1904 6 " " 10 1 180

1905 " " 广 使

1906 使 使

便 1910 使

20 西 ?" "

1909 便

1911 10 10 11 8 " " 37 便 2 20 5

THE BUILDING OF ENTERPRISES

Tan Kah Kee migrated to Singapore at the age of 17. He obtained his working experience as an apprentice in his father, Tan Kee Peck's rice trading company, Soon Ann. Tan proved himself to be an exceptional worker and was promoted to manager of the rice company. Unfortunately, Soon Ann did not do well and eventually failed in 1904. The young Tan Kah Kee resolved to be an entrepreneur to regain the family's fortune.

One of his first businesses was a small pineapple canning factory which he managed to start with a small capital of seven thousand Straits dollars. He was rather successful at the business and managed to get additional funds to open another firm. This time, it was a return of his family's old trade. Named Khiam Aik, the rice company was situated at North Boat Quay.

Tan's fortune really turned for the better in 1905. It was then he bought a 500-acre undeveloped forested land in Singapore. He started to open up the land, removing the thick foliage and started the Hock Shan Plantation there. Tan Kah Kee was already aware of the growing pineapple industry and that demand outstripped supply. He was determined to get into this business.

Tan's pineapple canneries for Southeast Asia had wider implications than just building up his personal fortunes. His industries were seen as the forerunners of an indigenous industrial revolution in Southeast Asia. It showed the rest in the region that industrialization is possible given the commercial impetus to do it.

Tan Kah Kee was also aware of the potential that the rubber trade had in 1906. He allocated part of the cleared land to plant rubber saplings. He also had the vision that he would go into rubber manufacturing and wanted to have his own supply of raw rubber. An ambitious man, not only did he want to go into the rubber industry but also he wanted to enter it in a big way. At his peak, Tan Kah Kee had more than 10,000 acres of rubber plantations.

Tan's business showed results by 1910. Between the years 1904 and 1910, he obtained a profit of S$730,000 from his businesses. He was subsequently given the nickname 'Henry Ford of Malaya'. By the early 20th century, Tan Kah Kee owned three pineapple canneries, rubber trees and a network of trading firms in Southern China and Hong Kong.

1907 1911 5 2 1912 1915 1918 1918 ( )

1913 1927 " "

1919 7 100 300 使

" "

CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION

Mr Tan's energy and drive were refocused on strengthening the still infant Republic of China after the collapse of his business empire. In his view, money should also go into education to the extent that he made a public declaration that with the founding of the Republic of China, he was willing to donate his entire fortune for the promotion of education in China and Singapore.

Mr. Tan has a strong belief in the ability of education to enable people for social upliftment. He founded Amoy University (Xiamen University) for this purpose. His dedication to Amoy University is admirable, continuing to maintain and fincance Amoy University even when his business empire was in financial difficulties from 1926 to 1937. At the point of his death, he had donated $20 million to education in Fukien, having financially supported Amoy University for sixteen of its formative years.

Besides, Tan's educational grants and donations also covered the entire spectrum of education in the Fukien province of China. He founded the Chi Mei (Jimei) School in 1894, and expanded Chi Mei school into a chain of schools that covered the full spectrum of education.

Other than mainstream education, Tan also started specialized institutes that produce graduates in the fields that China was lagging behind. They included business, marine and navigation, Chinese language, agricultural as well as kindergarten teachers' training schools. Altogether, it is estimated that Mr Tan Kah Kee put in no less than ten million dollars for his educational contributions to China's Fukien province.

China was not the only beneficiary of Tan's philanthropic quest in education. Many Chinese schools in Singapore, including Tao Nan (1907), Ai Tong (1912), Chung Fook Girls School (1915), Chung Poon (1915), Singapore Chinese High School (1918), Nanyang Normal School (1941) and Nan Chiao Girls High School (1947) were founded by Mr. Tan Kah Kee. After establishing these schools, he did not neglect them. In order to provide them with the institutional support that they needed, Tan created an education Department in the Hokkien Huay Kuan to centralize the control and subsidized the operating costs of the above-stated schools. Mr. Tan did not restrict his generosity to Chinese schools. Some English-speaking institutions that are benefit from Tan's generosity included Anglo Chinese School and Raffles College.

Even after his death, Tan Kah Kee remained a symbol of advancement in the field of public education in Singapore.

1928 5 3 " " ? " " 11 " " " "

1937 " " " ( ) " 1937 1942 55 亿

? ? " " )

?

1943 1945 1946 ?

ANTI AGGRESSION

As Sino-Japanese relations broke down, Mr Tan Kah Kee was increasingly involved in mobilizing the Chinese community against Japanese aggression. He was very active in the Shantung Relief Fund and was later appointed as the chairperson of the China Relief Fund Federation in Southeast Asia and he raised millions of dollars from the overseas Chinese community in Southeast Asia for the benefit of war-torn refugees in China. Under his leadership, the Shantung Relief Fund turned into a Japanese goods boycott movement with its headquarters in Ee Ho Hean Club. Tan also formed the National Salvation Movement, an anti-Japanese group in Malaya and Singapore.

After 1936, Tan led the Singapore China Relief Fund and the South Seas China Relief Fund Union, mobilizing Southeast Asian Chinese to contribute financially to the war against Japan. The Singapore China Relief Fund was particularly impressive as it consisted of over 300 branches and mobilized over 300,000 Chinese in Singapore to ensure the widest and deepest reaches into the Chinese community. The fund also contributed to the 400 million Chinese yuan donated by overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia between 1937 and 1942.

Tan's ability to mobilize the masses did not escape the British authorities in Singapore. British Governor Sthenton Thomas requested for Tan's leadership in the Singapore Chinese Mobilization Council to assist in the militia and civil defence of the island. In addition to assisting in manpower mobilization, the British authorities also asked Tan for help in selling war bonds to raise money for the war efforts. He was approached to sell $40 million worth of bonds that had been allocated to Malaya. Tan himself bought $100,000 worth of bonds out of patriotism and through his efforts and those of other personalities within Malaya, the British eventually sold $15 million worth of bonds, a remarkable sum in view of the harsh times then.

Because of Mr Tan Kah Kee's prominent role in anti-Japanese war, when the Japanese troops occupied Singapore, he had to escape to Java where he sought sanctuary for the duration of World War II. He lived quietly in Indonesia throughout the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, starting from 1943. It was during this phase of his life that he started writing his memoirs that was published later on in the postwar years as the "Memoirs of the Nanyang".

1929 1950

1928 1928 1941 使 ?

1915 1941 1917 1918 广 1924 广 1925 " " 1934

1916 1918 1923 1924 ?

TAN KAH KEE'S LEADERSHIP IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Because of Tan's interest in the Chinese community's affairs as well as national reforms in China, he could not help but be embroiled in the politics of the day. In fact, he was a key player in the Chinese revolution to overthrow the Qing Manchurian imperial rulers to restore Han democratic leadership. Tan's revolutionary fervour started at a young age. He joined the Tong Meng Hui to further his vision of a republican China.

After the success of the revolution, Tan did not relent in his efforts to build a strong China. He knew that the work of the Chinese revolution had just begun with the overthrow of the Qing authorities. To maintain law and order in Fukien in the heady days following the 1911 revolution, Tan raised a sum of S$120,000 to hire law enforcement personnel.

In Singapore, Tan was an accomplished debater in Parliament. He was consistently outspoken on community affairs. Being critical of the proposed Income Tax Bill in 1916 in the council, he debated eloquently and firmly against it, even rallying support from business organizations like Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce. He argued so convincingly during an extraordinary meeting in the Chamber that 181 out of 184 members supported his cause against the Bill. Such unity was rarely seen considering the fact that the Chamber had diverse interests and was an umbrella outfit for different, sometimes antagonistic, dialect groups.

In 1938, he was elected as the Chairman of the Federation of China Relief Fund of the South Seas, a post to which he was re-elected two years later. Tan's prestige in Southeast Asia was demonstrated when he was elected by 168 Chinese representatives from various areas in Southeast Asia to coordinate the fund-raising campaigns in Southeast Asia.

The fact that Tan straddled between the law enforcement agencies, the mob as well as the communist while enjoying tremendous prestige in the mainstream Chinese society indicated his tremendous public relations skills as well as his ability to relate to different sections of the Chinese community.

1874

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1882

1890

1891

1893

1895

1898

1899

1900

1903

1904

1910

1911

1912

1913

1915

1916

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1917

" "

1918

广

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

1925

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1926

1928

1929

1934

1937

" "

1938

1939

1940

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1941

1942

1945

1946

1947

1949

1950

1955

西 西

1956

1959

1961

TAN KAH KEE'S TIMELINE

1874

Born at Ji Mei village in Tung An District, Fujian Province, China on 21October

1882

Received traditional education at Nan Xuan Private School in the village

1890

Arrived in Singapore for the 1st time

1891

Join his father's rice business and obtained his working experience as an apprentice

1893

Back to China and married Mdm Teo

1895

Came to Singapore for the 2nd time. In the same year, Taiwan was ceded to Japan

1898

Back to China for his mother's death

1899

Came to Singapore with his wife Mdm Teo and worked in the Soon Ann rice company

1900

Back to China to attend his mother's funeral

1903

Came to Singapore for the 4th time

1904

From then till 1907, he laid his sound economic foundation and paved the way for his assumption of community and political leadership within the Chinese community in Singapore and Malaya. He businesses consisted of pineapple canning, rice firm and rubber plantation.

1910

Joined Tung Meng Hui set up by Dr. Sun Yat Sen to go against Manchurian regime in China.

1911

Elected to be President of the Preservation of Peace Society. Raised more than 200,000 to help Hokien Province Recovery Regime and 50,000 to support Sun Yat Sen's democratic government.

1912

Back to China with his family. Prepared to establish Ji Mei Primary School.

1913

Founded Ji Mei primary School. Came to Singapore for the 5th time.

1915

Rented four ships and succeeded in his shipping business.

1916

Purchased a 3000/ton vessel, named "Tong Fong".

1917

Purchased a larger vessel of 3750/ton, named "Khiam Tai"Asked his younger brother to prepare for setting up of Ji Mei Secondary School and Ji Mei Normal School. Raised fund for Tientsin Relief Fund.

1918

Official Opening of Ji Mei Secondary School and Ji Mei Normal School. Initiate founding of Singapore Chinese High School. Raised funds for Guangdong Relief Fund.

1919

Official Opening of Singapore Chinese High School. Back to China and prepared for setting up of Xiamen University. Organized Tung An Education Committee to provide annual financial help to more than thirty primary schools in different areas. Sponsored for Singapore Anglo Chinese School.

1920

Founded Ji Mei Women's Normal School, Commercial School and Marine School.

1921

Official Opening of Xiamen University. Lim Boon Keng was appointed as the president.

1922

Extended his rubber plantation business in Singapore.

1923

Established "Nanyang Siang Pau" in Singapore. Chairman of Ee Hoe Hean Club.

1925

Reached the pinnacle of financial success and was recognized as one of he earliest industrial pioneers in Southeast Asia.

1926

Extended Chinese High School campus. Founded Ji Mei Farming and Forestry School. His company faced rising liquidity problem due to depressed rubber prices, heavy bank borrowing and increase in the payment of interests to local bank for loans. While trying his best to maintain funding to school, he was forced to stop part of the building project for Xiamen University and Ji Mei School.

1928

Japanese occupied Jinan on May 3. Tan Kah Kee chaired the Shandong Relief Fund committee.

1929

Elected to be the president of Singapore Hokkien Huay Kuan. Endowment for Raffles Institution.

1934

Participated in the Bukit Ho Swee Fire Relief Fund.

1937

Headed Singapore China Relief Fund. Raised ten million Singapore dollars to support Chinese war against the Japanese invasion.

1938

Elected as president of the Relief Committee of Nanyang Overseas Chinese for China's Refugees. Write to oppose Wang Jingwei who suggested holding peace talk with Japanese government.

1939

Initiate to establish a Marine and Navigation School in Singapore.

1940

Organised the Overseas Chinese Consolation and Inspection Team, visited Chongqing and Yanan.

1941

Re-elected as president of the Relief Committee of Nanyang Overseas Chinese for China's Refugees. Founded Nanyang Overseas Chinese Normal School. On 7th December, the Japanese army launched a surprise attack against Pearl Harbour, erupting the Pacific War. Led the Committee of Mobilization of Singapore Overseas Chinese against enemies.

1942

Left Singapore and came to Marang of East Java, Indonesia. Started writing "Memoir of Nanyang Overseas Chinese."

1945

Returned to Singapore after war.

1946

Published "Nan Chiao Jit Poh". Supported Nehru for India's independence movement.

1947

Held meeting with Singapore Overseas Chinese, criticized Dutch colonists' crucial treatment to Indonesian Chinese. Decided to impose economical sanction to Dutch Government. Sourced for funds for various schools in Jimei. Founded the Jiyou Bank in Hong Kong to support schools.

1949

Back to China for the first time after war against Japan.

1950

Came to Singapore for the last time and after that return to reside in Jimei. Carried out the supervision work for the building projects of Jimei Schools and Xiamen University. Proposed to build Railway in Hokien.

1955

Started long travels in China, covering 16 provinces in the north-east, north-west and South-west.

1956

Being elected as Chairman of Overseas Chinese Association.

1959

Established Overseas Chinese Museum in Xiamen.

1961

Passed away in Beijing. The bier was sent back to Jimei Village where a state funeral was held. It was buried in Ao Yuan.

" "

" "

,

1990 3 31 1964 11 9 2963 " " " "

1992 " " " "

1993 4 " ( ) "

TAN KAH KEE SPIRIT INHERITANCE

Mr. Tan died on 12 August 1961 in Peking (Beijing) at the age of 87 and was given a national funeral by the government of the People's Republic of China. Even at his death, Tan was still fervent about his public education cause. He willed all his money (1million renminbi) to be given to the schools in his hometown.

Tan left behind Jiageng Park, a national monument in China that was formerly a little island on the southeast seaside of Jimei.

On 11 March 1990, the International Asteroid Centre of China named Asteroid 2963, discovered by Zi Jin Shan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, after Tan Kah Kee to commend his remarkable contributions to educational causes. The naming ceremony of the "Tan Kah Kee Star" was held at Xiamen University.

Other than monuments and the "Tan Kah Kee Star", he has such a high status amongst overseas Chinese that some of the world's most prominent Chinese got together in Hong Kong in 1992 and established the Tan Kah Kee International Society. The society aims to promote the advancement of science and culture for the benefit of human Society.

Just as he is remembered in China through national monuments, Mr. Tan Kah Kee is remembered in Singapore through his donations, foundations and scholarships. The Chinese High School, specially erected a bronze statue of its founder, Tan Kah Kee, in front of the clock tower for remembrance. His generosity continues to benefit future generations of Singaporeans. Mr Tan's Young Inventors' Award continues to fund budding scientists as well as inventors in Singapore, playing a role in spurring the scientific community as well as Singapore's research and development capabilities.

Other than Asia, Mr. Tan Kah Kee's name can also be found in the United Sates. On 28 April 1993, Professor Lee Yuan Tseh and Professor Tien Chang-Lin recommended and fought for a building named "Tan Kah Kee Hall" to be built in the School of Chemistry at University of California, Berkeley. The completion of the Tan Kah Kee Hall signified that Tan Kah Kee's noble spirit and philosophy had been introduced to the West, expanding further and rooted in different parts of the world.

——永无止境的奉献精神

人生在世,不要只为个人的生活打算,而要为国家民族奋斗。

      ——陈嘉庚语 

  财自我辛苦得来,亦当由我慷慨捐出。

      ——陈嘉庚对钱财的看法 

  穿过归来堂,就是陈嘉庚故居了。当我们惊叹于集美学村建筑之宏伟壮观时,不能不对嘉庚先生生活条件的质朴简陋而感慨万千。破雨伞补了再用,断柄瓷杯翻过来当烛台,一件破棉背心从抗战时期穿到解放后……这一切,似乎很难让人和那位名冠南洋的富商联系在一起。先生倾尽一生所有兴办教育,留下了许多佳话。 

  在集美校委会,我们了解到,直到如今,嘉庚先生创办的集友银行,还在源源不断地为集美的教育事业提供资金。先生大公无私的奉献精神永无止境。 

  信步在嘉庚先生倾注了无限心血的集美土地上,我们静静地回味、感念,愈加为先生公而忘私的精神所感动。许多人和我们一样,不时会到这里凭吊嘉庚先生。 

  什么是伟人?这就是伟人!是咱中国人的偶像,追星,就该追这样的人!在集美陈嘉庚纪念胜地采访时,我们的耳畔突然响起这样一段慷慨激昂的话,旁边还有人也在激动地附和着。记者循声过去,发现说话的是三名中年妇女,一位走在前面的正在介绍嘉庚先生的事迹,另外两位频频发出赞叹之声。上前一问,原来她们是一家人,祖籍黑龙江,走在前头的女士早些年在厦门买了房子,这次特地带来厦游玩的妹妹和堂妹参观集美。凡是到厦门的亲朋好友,我首先都会向他们介绍陈嘉庚,都要带他们到这里来看看。女士说,陈嘉庚的事迹太感人了。你想,刚刚解放的时候咱们国家多穷啊,陈嘉庚如果不回来,就能在国外舒舒服服过日子。但是,子不嫌母丑,他立志报效祖国,把自己的产业全部奉献给祖国的教育事业,不留给儿女一分钱,这是多么伟大的奉献精神啊。女士的妹妹也说,陈嘉庚精神让人从骨子里感动,她告诉记者,我们有学习他的义务,你们则有宣传他的义务,应该让大家都能深切地感受到嘉庚先生的高尚情操。” 

  许多慕名到集美参观的游人都和这三名女士有同样的感受,都被嘉庚先生大公无私的精神深深感动着。 

  正如著名教育家黄炎培所说的牶发了财的人肯全拿出钱来办教育的,只有先生。一个人要发财并不难,难的是发了财肯捐出来,而更难能可贵的是将全部钱财捐出。 

  据陈嘉庚研究会的理事陈少斌老人介绍,校主一生节俭,他为集美和厦大建造了许多高楼大厦,自己定居集美却住在一所简朴的二层楼房。物品只有一张古老的床,半新不旧的写字台,一副不对称的沙发,破旧的牙杯和脸盆,七拼八凑的凳子,两只破旧皮箱,一床用了十多年、补了好几个补丁的蚊帐,一件穿了十多年、棉絮已多处露出的棉背心。他每天粗茶淡饭,给自己定的伙食标准的一天五毛钱,大多是地瓜粥再佐以青菜、花生米、豆类、小鱼小虾等几样小菜。他很少吃鸡鸭鱼肉,也不抽烟喝酒,逢年过节也不过加几样小菜。即使来了贵宾,如陈毅、方方、蔡廷锗等人,也只用家乡风味比如蚝煎、炒米粉和猪蹄芋头等待客。 

  陈嘉庚曾说过,人生在世,不要只为个人的生活打算,而要为国家民族奋斗。”“财自我辛苦得来,亦当由我慷慨捐去。他身体力行的座右铭是:应该用的钱千万百万都不要吝惜;不该用的钱,一分也不能浪费。他用钱的最重要原则,是处处为国家为社会着想,而不是为个人和子孙打算。据早年有关历史资料记载,陈嘉庚从1904年(30岁)独立创业到1931年(58岁)企业临近收盘的28年间,其各种费用总支出1331万元(叻币),其中捐资兴学支出837万元,为兴学而支付银行利息380万元,两项合计共1217万元,占总支出的92%,捐赠其他公益事业、还债及佣金等合计74万元,占总支出的6%;家庭费用30万元,仅占总支出的2%。解放后,他依然尽己所能倾资兴学,并把所有的遗产留给家乡的教育事业。有人统计,陈嘉庚一生中花在办教育方面的钱超过一亿美元。时至今日,先生创办的集友银行还在源源不断地为家乡教育事业提供资金。 

  先生大公无私的奉献精神永无止境,也激励了许许多多的后来人。李光前、陈文确、陈六使、陈永和、李尚大、李陆大……无数的海外华侨受嘉庚精神影响,回到祖国斥资兴学,为集美乃至全国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献。

——永不动摇的爱国之心

天下兴亡、匹夫有责。身家可以牺牲,是非不可不明。

      ——1948年陈嘉庚为缅甸《新仰光日报》

            创刊三周年纪念题词 

  以四万万之民族,决无甘居人下之理,今日不达,尚有来日,及身不达,尚有子孙,如精卫填海,愚公移山,终有贯彻目的之一日。

      ——1919年陈嘉庚于厦门陈氏宗祠倡办厦门大学的演讲

  沿着龙舟池畔的花岗岩石板路前行,我们来到了归来堂。堂前的嘉庚铜像正翘首眺望远方,仿佛期盼着海外亲人的归来。集美上了年纪的乡亲告诉我们,陈嘉庚先生生前有个志愿,为了召唤海外亲人不忘故乡,热爱祖国,应该让他们归来时有个落脚的地方,因此,想在故居前面建一座归来堂,建筑费用不超过三万元。周恩来总理在陈嘉庚先生逝世后获悉这一情况,认为此事意义重大,指示要实现先生意愿并扩大建造规模,以为永久纪念。1962年,嘉庚先生逝世一周年纪念日之际,建筑面积4000多平方米的归来堂落成。40多年来,已有不计其数的集美乡亲受先生那永不动摇的爱国之心感召,从海外归来。 

  1937年七七事变,全国震惊。侨居新加坡的陈嘉庚认为:日寇得寸进尺,步步进逼,这是祖国有史以来最严重的困难,中华民族已到了生死存亡的最后关头,国人必须奋起抗战牎他为抗日奔走呼号,自己出资出力,同时也号召海外华侨共同行动起来。为此,日军曾一度视他为全南洋反日的总头目,对他加以追捕。期间,他随身携带一包毒药,随时准备以身殉国,绝不向日军屈服。 

  1940年,陈嘉庚率领南侨慰问团回国,经历各战场,访问国共两党,为民族解放尽最大努力,为团结抗战受无限辛苦,在亲眼对比蒋介石政权的腐败无望和延安苏区的清明政治后,他心情激动地指出:中国的希望在延安!” 

  1949年新中国诞生,陈嘉庚应毛泽东的邀请,回国参加人民政治协商会议,并当选为中央人民政府委员。看到伟大祖国一派欣欣向荣的景象,他内心充满喜悦与兴奋,报国的热情更高了。他把自己在新加坡的产业变为现款加上筹款共汇回1000多万元(人民币),用于扩建集美学校和厦门大学。同时,他以年迈之躯,积极参政议政,甚至不辞辛劳地奔波于祖国各地,历时97天,行程25000华里,亲历16个省55个城镇及其工厂企业,考察祖国建设情况并提出许多中肯的批评或建议。 

  先生的爱国情怀是永不动摇,有始有终的。张其华老人向记者介绍了这样一件感人的事。1961年春,嘉庚先生病危之际,记忆力已严重丧失,常常昏昏沉沉,甚至神志不清,惟独台湾回归一事,永不忘怀。他在弥留之际的遗言里也提到,要尽快解放台湾,台湾必须回归祖国。守候在他身边的人员无不为之感动落泪。他为维护国家主权的完整统一斗争了一生,可谓鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已。 

  嘉庚先生对祖国的忠诚,还集中体现在他为建设家乡集美所做的努力。集美镇第一任镇长陈顺言告诉记者,校主倾资发展家乡教育自不用说,更难得的是他对普通群众的生计问题也十分关照。上世纪50年代,在极力主张填海修建厦门集美海堤时,嘉庚先生细心地想到了当地渔民的生活出路问题。由于集美三面环海,当地群众多以捕鱼、养殖为生,而海堤的建设使得一些渔民收入受到影响,嘉庚先生便特意嘱咐陈顺言与厦门水产局局长陈春生联系,输送了一些人跟渔船到外海,培训外海捕捞;当年兴办学校征用大量土地,嘉庚先生就让失地村民参与学校建设,或到学校当校工维持生活,以工代赈,解决了他们的出路,这些人后来退休后大多都能领到丰厚的退休金。鹰厦铁路快完工时,先生想到3万多名建筑工人的出路,便向上级汇报,争取到一些工厂项目落户集美,其中包括能安置大量工人的纺织厂项目,大大解除了这些工人的后顾之忧。陈顺言到集美工作一两年后,有一天嘉庚先生突然问他:你来集美没有搞什么建设吧?陈顺言赶紧向上级争取,由市委拨出专款在集美建了6个饮食店、两个市场、两个百货店,银行、邮电局、粮食局也建到了集美。此后,嘉庚先生还特地于19566月出席第一届全国人民代表大会第二次会议期间,把陈顺言带到北京,让他多看多学,回来把集美的建设搞得更好。

——永不言败的坚强意念

畏惧失败,才是可耻。

      ——陈嘉庚教育文集

  ……非常事业要达成功,亦应受非常之辛苦,若乏相当之毅力,稍不如意,便生厌心,安能成事哉?!

      ——上世纪二十年代末陈嘉庚办学最艰难时期

            致集美学校校长陈村牧的信 

  到厦门,不可不看集美学村。而这大多是当年嘉庚先生带着工匠们一砖一瓦垒起来的。先生一生经历过不少挫折。然而,无论是校舍毁于战火,还是自己的企业遭受重创导致资金周转困难,他都没有动摇过倾资兴学的理想。没有资金,宁可出卖大厦,维持厦大;校舍被国民党炸毁,就再建起来。 

  如今,集美文教区建设正在如火如荼地进行着,集美人立志继承先生坚韧不拔、百折不挠的刚勇毅志,继续先生教育兴国的伟业。 

  穿过集美学村,我们来到位于海边的鳌园。鳌园内陈嘉庚墓围四周的青石浮雕,记录了先生一生中平凡却富有传奇色彩的经历:海地探物扯取花生削取海蚝掘取地瓜,是少年陈嘉庚勤劳生活的写照;搭船出洋米商服务黄梨罐厂栽黄梨园栽树胶园熟米机厂记录的是陈嘉庚在新加坡艰苦创业的往事;办集美学校购三轮船办厦门大学说的则是陈嘉庚倾资兴学的情况……先生的一生,是坚持理想、艰苦奋斗的一生,是从不放弃、永不言败的一生。 

  1929年,资本主义经济危机爆发,世界市场一片混乱。在来势凶猛的经济危机大环境下,陈嘉庚企业连年大亏,到1930年初期,陈嘉庚有限公司的处境更是窘迫。有人劝嘉庚先生要考虑减少逐月汇给集美和厦大的经费,但他回答:我吃稀粥,佐以花生仁就能过日,何必为我担心!在陈嘉庚入不敷出、向外国银行举债数百万的艰难时期,垄断资本主义集团利用债权人的地位,企图强制他将产业改为股份公司,并提出以停止维持集美、厦大两校经费为条件。亲友中也有人好心劝他停止供应学校经费,以维持企业。但他认为:两校如关门,自己误青年罪小,影响社会之罪大。所以他断然说:企业可以收盘,学校绝不能停办。” 

  就这样,陈嘉庚独力维持厦大16年,直至1937年春,他为了全力维持集美学校,才将厦大无条件献给政府,改私立为国立。 

  抗战期间和解放初期,集美学校先后遭到日寇炮轰和国民党飞机滥炸,校舍毁坏大半,满目疮痍。陈嘉庚先生没有被困难吓倒。19509月,他回国定居后,立即着手集资修理、扩建集美学村。他不顾自己年事已高,所有大小工程的设计、施工、进度、经费调拨,都亲自指挥和精打细算安排;他不论风雨寒暑,每天都到集美工地巡视、指挥和解决工地上出现的问题,每个星期还一至两次乘坐普通的渡船到厦门大学建筑工地检查,并定期到各个石料厂和砖瓦厂现场解决问题…… 

  在先生坚持不懈的努力下,集美、厦大一幢幢绿瓦飞檐、巍峨壮丽的学村建筑群拔地而起。在厦门大学,从1951年到1954年,建起了31幢大楼,共计62600平方米,相当于建国前的一倍;在集美,从1950年开始着手修复遭战争破坏的校舍,1955年起又扩建了新校舍以及科学馆、图书馆、体育馆、医院、电厂、自来水厂、电影院和集美解放纪念碑,总建筑面积近16万平方米,相当于建国前的三倍多。

——永不毁诺的铮铮傲骨

对于轻金钱,重义务,诚信果毅,疾恶好善,爱乡爱国诸点,尤所服膺向往,而自愧未能达其一,深愿与国人共勉之也。

      ——陈嘉庚1946年《南侨回忆录弁言》 

  做人最要紧的是诚实与正义,要明是非,要为社会做事。再多的钱可以花光,但诚实、正义却永远受人尊敬……有的人,伤天害理的事敢做,乌七八糟的钱敢挣,这样的富翁受人唾骂,遗臭万年。

      ——陈嘉庚归国后对身边工作人员的教诲

  在集美穿街走巷,我们不时能看到一些以命名的庭院或店铺,如诚园、谦诚书屋等等,还有不少商家打出诚实经营诚信是金等标语。 

  君子必诚其意,嘉庚先生无论经商还是做其他事,历来铁骨铮铮,永不毁诺。1918年,先生和胞弟陈敬贤亲自将诚毅二字定为集美学校的校训;如今,集美的不少商铺都在讲求诚信,集美的学堂也在讲授诚信,陈嘉庚先生一生崇尚的诚信美德,正在集美薪火相传、发扬光大。 

  在集美中学道南楼里,几名初中女生正在出一期关于纪念嘉庚诞辰130周年的黑板报。知道陈嘉庚是什么人吗?记者问道。知道,老师上课说过。女孩们回答。知道他的哪些故事?记者又问。一名女孩歪着头想了想,回答说:我记得他替自己的爸爸把欠人的钱还了。小女孩们或许还不能理解嘉庚先生爱国爱乡的伟大情怀,嘉庚先生的故事给她们留下的最直观的感受就是,做人要诚实,要信守诺言。    1904年,陈嘉庚父亲所营企业破产,欠印度债主哈利20多万元巨款。按照新加坡的法律父债子免还,况且陈父当年便因破产而抑郁成疾不幸去世,但以信誉为重的陈嘉庚虽然经济拮据,却宣布立志不计久暂,力能做到者,决代还清以免遗憾也。白手创业的陈嘉庚艰苦奋斗了4年时间,终于有些盈利,他便不顾亲友反对,花了许多时间和精力找到债主,连本带利还清了父亲所欠的债务。当时曾有人说他,但他说:中国人取信于世界,决不能把脸丢在外国人面前!”“我们中国人一向言必信,行必果。陈嘉庚一诺万金的信誉迅速传遍了东南亚。此后,人们十分相信陈嘉庚的商业道德和信誉,都愿意与他做生意。可以说,陈嘉庚之所以能白手起家并且在不太长的时间内成为亿万富翁,与他一诺万金的诚信商誉有着密不可分的关系。19463月,尼赫鲁访问新加坡,陈嘉庚在欢迎会上致词,题为《领袖与诚信》,指出无论商界政界,诚信都是无价之宝,是成功的保证。 

  先生回国定居后,也常常教诲身旁的人要诚实守信。采访中,嘉庚先生生前秘书张其华先生对两件小事印象深刻。一件发生在1958年,当时集美各校要筹办农场,但校区土地有限,学校有人建议,把几年前赠给农业厅的天马农场的大片土地收回一部分。张其华认为有道理,便请示先生,结果受到先生的严厉批评。先生说,已经赠送给别人的东西又要讨回,出尔反尔,是不诚实之举,并责怪张其华没有当场批评学校的这种错误主张,还要照搬来提什么建议。 

  另一件事则发生在同样长期追随在嘉庚先生身边的总务主任叶祖彬身上。195610月,星马工商贸易考察团里的一些乡亲回到集美,嘉庚先生请他们第二天早上到家里一起吃地瓜稀饭,并叮嘱叶祖彬多做一些饭。结果叶祖彬忘了通知,让客人们饿了肚子。尽管事情不大,嘉庚先生却认为,叶祖彬在这件事上对他失了信,同时也让他失信于客人,因此,要求叶祖彬写出检讨,并给予停薪一个月的处罚。

陈嘉庚生平事迹(全)

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