初一英语简单句的基本句型

发布时间:2020-04-05 18:30:02

简单句的基本句型

由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句

谓语动词 及物动词不及物动词 连系动词 之分。正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构,如连系动词后要接表语;大多数及物动词后接一个直接宾语,有的及物动词要接直接宾语和间接宾语,还有的及物动词要接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)

1 主语 + 谓语 (不及物动词) + ( 状语 [ 副词、名词、介词短语等 ] )

主语

谓语

状语

状语

His father

cooks.

He

runs

fast

in the street.

The meeting

begins

at nine.

主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分,虽然长短不一,但都属于这一句型。

练习: 1). 学生们学习很努力。__________________________________________

2). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________

2 主语 + 谓语 (及物动词) + 宾语 ( + 状语 )

主语

谓语

宾语

状语

He

didn’t like

the film.

She

decided to

go hiking.

He

thought about

the problem

for a few moments.

此句型中的谓语动词既可以是及物动词,也可以是短语动词,后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末,多数是副词、介词短语、名词短语、分词或不定式短语。

练习:1) 我不喜欢这样。 ___________________________________________

2)我昨天看了一部电影。______________________________________

3 主语 + 谓语 (系动词) + 表语 ( + 状语 )

主语

系动词

表语

状语

These books

are

great.

Your watch

looks

nice.

The trees

turn

green

in spring.

此句型中的谓语动词是连系动词,如be, seem, turn(变得), taste, feel, smell, get(变得) become (变得), look(看起来) 等,作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。

练习:1) 我是一名学生。 ___________________________________________

2)他感觉很高兴。 ____________________________________________

4 主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 ( + 状语 )

主语

谓语

间宾

直宾

状语

I’ll

show

you

my photos.

My father

bought

me

a very good bike

on my birthday.

My aunt

sent

me

a box of chocolate.

此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语),即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词tofor引起的短语,放在直接宾语的后面。

  She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。

His uncle bought him a birthday present yesterday. 昨天,他叔叔给他买了一件生日礼物。

= His uncle bought a birthday present for him yesterday.

由介词 to 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有:give, pass, tell, show, lend, take,teach ;

由介词 for 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有:buy, cook, get, make, choose, sing 等。

练习:1) 请把你的画给我看一下。 ___________________________________________

2)老人经常讲故事给孩子们听。 ________________________________________

5】 主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 ( + 状语 )

主语

谓语

宾语

宾补

状语

The news

made

everyone

happy.

I

Don’t want

you

to work

too hard.

We

call

him

Tom

for short.

此句型中的宾语后面需接上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语,宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。

1. 名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:call, make, think, name 等。

2. 形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:keep, make, find, think 等。

3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为以下三种情况:

(1) 接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:want, ask, wish, tell, teach等。

(2) 接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:let, make, see, hear, watch等。

(3) 接带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是 help

4. 现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:hear, see, watch, keep, find 等。

5. 介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有:find, take, keep 等。

练习:1) 我发现她非常疲惫。 ___________________________________________

2)我们选他当班长。 ________________________________________

  

6 There be + 主语 + 状语 (介词短语)

There

be

主语

状语

There

are

many story books

in his schoolbag.

There

is

a very nice cup

on the table.

There

is

a pen and some books

on the desk.

本句型又叫 There be 句型,常用来表示在某地(某时) 有某物(某人)”,但应注意与 have 的区别:have / has 讲时,表示所属关系,即所有,占有,而 there be 结构表示客观上的存在,不说明所有关系。

 There is a new pen in Jim’s pencil-box. 在吉姆的铅笔盒里有一支新钢笔。(钢笔在铅笔盒里)

 Jim has a new pen. 吉姆有支新钢笔。 (钢笔为吉姆所有)

  在此句型中,there 是引导词,无实义, 其主语是 be 动词之后的名词或名词短语, 且这些名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词(a, no, all ) 修饰, 不用确定的限定词(the, this, that ) 修饰。同时,此句型中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说:

  There is China in the east of the world.

  There are their books on the desk.

  注意:动词 be 在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词) 保持一致, 即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用 is,复数可数名词时用 are。若 be 后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,be动词应采取邻近原则,即 be 应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。动词 be 的时态随具体情况而定。

在此句型中,谓语动词有时不用 be,而用其他动词,使语言表达更生动形象,如 live, stand, lie 等。

练习:1) 请把你的画给我看一下。 ___________________________________________

2)老人经常讲故事给孩子们听。 ________________________________________

一、 单项选择

( ) 1. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______.

A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait

( ) 2. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.

A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained

( ) 3. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?

—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match.

A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play

( ) 4. —What did your father say just now?

—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.

A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked

( ) 5. You ______ first and I ______ behind.

A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow

( ) 6. There ______ ice on the road last week.

A. was B. were C. will be D. are

( ) 7. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.

A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be

二、 将下列句子改为同义句。

1. Tom gave me a nice pen.

Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.

2. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.

My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.

3. She cooked us a delicious meal.

She ______ a delicious meal _ ____ us.

4. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt.

Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.

5. She made me a cup of coffee.

She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.

三、 连词成句。

1. student, in, some, classroom, the, are _________________________________

2. an, to, he, buy, wants, dictionary, english ___________________________________

3. my, to, Mary, enjoyed, songs, listening ___________________________________

4. some, she, fruit, for,bought, me __________________________________

5. pass, road, on, I, them, the, saw, me __________________________________

四、根据汉语完成下列英语句子,每空一词。

1. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。

_____ _____ a boy _____ with a dog in the yard.

2. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。

______ _____ _____ _____ a shop on the corner of the street.

3. 可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。 _____ _____ _____ a better way to do this.

4. 没有空气就没有声音. _____ _____ _____ sound without air.

5. 没有时间再等你了。 _____ ______ no time _____ _____ _____ you.

初一英语简单句的基本句型

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