中国卫生发展援助的理念与实践
发布时间:2023-03-30 01:55:32
2015正5 ・全球卫生・ 中国卫生发展援助的理念与实践 王云屏 梁文杰 杨洪伟 曹 桂 樊晓丹 金100191 53o02l 楠 王翱 1.国家卫生计生委卫生发展研究中心 北京2.广西医科大学 广西南宁【摘要】新中国成立后中国卫生发展援助经历了三个发展阶段,形成了派遣援外医疗队、援建医疗卫生 设施等援助形式。改革开放后,世界格局和国内的经济社会基础发生深刻变化;过去相对简单、分散的卫生援 助模式对受援国卫生系统的影响有限;卫生援助管理体制分散,缺乏顶层设计,导致援助效果打折;在西方国 家主导的国际规则体系下,中国的卫生制度模式、技术和产品的输出受到限制;与受援国日益增长的需求相 比,我国开展卫生合作的能力有待提高。建议以“新大国观、新义利观”、“以人为本”的思想和“以援助促发 展、以发展促合作、最终实现共同发展”的理念指导中国卫生发展援助;创新适应国内外经济社会发展的“立体 式”援助模式;改革卫生援助管理体制,合理界定部门权责,加强信息共享与协调;将卫生发展援助与全球卫生 治理结合起来,促进援助外溢效应最大化;发挥民间力量的作用,加强引导和监管。 【关键词】中国;卫生发展援助;理念;实践;创新 中图分类号:R197 文献标识码:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-2982.2015.05.007 Ideology and practice of development assistance for health in China WANG Yun-pingi,Xuanz LIANG Wen-ife2,YANG Hong.weil,CAO Guil FAN Xiao.danIJlN Nanl,WANG 。。100191,Chia nJ.National Health Developmerit Research Cen ̄r,NHFPC,Beijing 2.Guangxi Medical Unive ̄ity,Nanning Guangxi 530021,China 【Abstract】Since the establishment of the People’S Republic of China,the development of China’S oficial de— velopment assistance for health has been going through three phases.To date,it has developed in many orfms,inclu- ding the dispatch of medical team and the construction of health facilities.Since the market reforms,the global con— text together with the domestic socioeconomic foundations have changed;the impact of China’S relatively simple and segmented development assistance for health on the development of health systems in developing countries is limited; the effectiveness of assistance has been watered—down due to segmentation and vague management and accountability systems,as well as the lack of an overarching strategy;China’S health institutions,techniques and products suffer va- rious obstacles in their transfer to other countries where rules are dominated by western countries;compared with the increasing and multiple demands of development assistance for health from developing countries,the capacities of co。 operation need to be further developed.As the paper suggests.use the“new major-country’’and“new morality-in- terest”and“human oriented”concepts,as well as the ideology of“aid in order to develop,develop in order to coop— erate,SO as to develop hand—in—hand’’to guide China’S development assistance for health;innovate stereo—aid models t