ACCESS 访问

the internet and the telephone system are similar—you can connect a computer to the internet much like you connect a phone to the telephone system . 互联网和电话系统是相似的你可以将计算机连接到互联网更像你将电话连接到电话系统。once you are on the internet ,your computer becomes an extension of what seems like a giant computer-a computer that branches all over the world. 一旦你在互联网上，您的计算机变得什么看起来像一个巨大的计算机 — — 一个计算机的扩展，世界各地的分支机构。when provided with a connection to the internet ,you can use a browser program to search the Web. 当提供一个连接到互联网，您可以使用要搜索 Web 的浏览器程序。

PROVIDERS 提供商

the most common way to access the internet is through an internet service provider(ISP). 访问互联网的最常见方式是通过互联网服务运营。（因特网络提供商）

the providers are already connected to the internet and provide a path or connection for individuals to access the internet. 供应商已经连接到互联网并提供路径或个人能够访问互联网的连接。your college or university most likely provides you with free access to the internet either through its local area networks or through a dial-up or telephone connection. 你的学院或大学最有可能为您提供免费接入到互联网通过其局域网络或通过拨号或电话连接。there are also some companies that offer free internet access. 也有一些公司，提供免费上网。

the most widely used commercial internet service providers are national and wireless providers. 使用最广泛的商业互联网服务提供商是国家和无线提供商。

National service providers（国家级服务商或全国服务提供商）like America Online (AOL) are the most widely used. 像美国在线 (AOL) 是使用最广泛的。They provide access through standard telephone or cable connections . 他们提供访问通过标准电话或电缆连接。Users can access the Internet from almost anywhere within the country for a standard fee without incurring long-distance telephone charges.(See Figure 2-2) 用户可以访问互联网从几乎任何地方为标准的费用在国家之内不会招致长途电话费。(见图 2-2)

Wireless service providers（无线服务提供商）do not use telephone or cable lines. 请不要使用电话线或电缆线路。They provide Internet connections for computers with wireless modems and a wide array of wireless devices. 他们提供互联网连接的计算机与无线调制解调器和广泛的无线设备。

AS we will discuss in Chapter9,users connect to ISPs using one of a variety of connection technologies including dial-up,DSL,cable,and wireless modems. 我们将讨论在 Chapter9 中，用户将连接到 Isp 使用各种包括拨号、 DSL、 电缆和无线调制解调器的连接技术之一。

BROWSERS (浏览器)

Browsers are programs that provide access to Web resources. 浏览器提供对 Web 资源访问的程序。This software connects you to remote computers,opens and transfers files,displays text and images,and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and Web documents . 此软件将您连接到远程计算机、 打开和传输文件、 显示的文本和图像，并提供在一个工具中的互联网和 Web 文档的简单的接口。Browsers allow you to explore ,or to surf,the Web by easily moving from one Web site to another. 浏览器允许您探索，或上网冲浪，通过轻松地移动从一个网站到另一个。Three well-known browsers are Mozilla Firefox,Netscape Communications,and Microsoft Internet Explorer.(See Figure 2-3) 三个知名浏览器火狐浏览器、 网景通讯公司和微软互联网资源管理器。(见图 2-3)

For browsers to connect to resources,the location or address of the resources must be specified.These addresses are called uniform resource locators (URLS). 对于浏览器连接到资源，必须指定的位置或资源的地址。这些地址被称为统一资源定位器 (URL)。All URLs have at least two basic parts.(See Figure 2-4.) The first part presents the protocol used to connect to the resource.AS we will discuss in Chapter9,protocols are rules for exchanging data between computers. 所有的 Url 都具有至少两个基本部分。（见图 2-4）。第一部分介绍了用于连接到该资源的协议。我们将讨论在 Chapter9 中，协议是用于计算机之间交换数据的规则。The protocol http:// is the most widely used Web protocol.The second part presents the domain name.It is the name of the server where the resource is located.In Figure 2-4 the server is identified as www.mtv.com.(Many URLs have additional parts specifying directory paths,file names,and pointers.) 议定书 http:// 是使用最广泛的 Web 协议。第二部分介绍的域的名称。它是服务器的名称资源所在的位置。在图 2-4 服务器被标识为 www。mtv。com。（很多 Url 有额外部件指定目录路径、 文件名称和指针。) The last part of the domain name following the dot(.) is the top-level domain(TLD).It identifies the type of organization. 域名后点的最后一部分 （。） 是顶级的 domain(TLD)。它标识组织的类型。For example,.com indicates a commercial site .The URL http://www.mtv.com connects your computer to a computer that provides information about MTV. 例如。com 指示一个商业网站。URL http://www。mtv。com 将计算机连接到一台计算机提供信息的 MTV。

Once the browser has connected to the Web site,a document file is sent back to your computer.This document typically contains Hypertext Markup Language(HTML) commands. 一旦浏览器已连接到 Web 站点，一个文档文件发送回您的计算机。这份文件通常包含超文本标记 Language(HTML) 的命令。The browser interprets the HTML commands and displays the document as a Web page. 浏览器解释 HTML 命令和显示文档作为 Web 页。For example ,when your browser first connects to the Internet, it opens up to a Web page specified in the browser settings.This page presents information about the site along with references and hyperlinks or links that connect to other documents containing related information-text files graphic images,audio,and video clips.(See Figure 2-5). 例如，当您的浏览器第一次连接到互联网，它开辟了到 Web 页在浏览器设置中指定。此页面介绍了有关该站点的引用和超链接的信息或连接到包含其他文档的链接相关信息文本的文件图形的图像、 音频和视频剪辑。（见图 2-5）。

These documents may be located on a nearby computer system or on one halfway around the world. 这些文件可能位于附近的计算机系统或上一个世界的另一端。The links typically appear on the Web page as underlined and colored text and/or images. 链接通常显示为带下划线和彩色文本和图像的 Web 页上。To access the referenced material,all you do is click on the highlighted text or image . 若要访问引用的材料，你做的就是单击突出显示的文本或图像。A connection is automatically made to the computer containing the material,and the referenced material appears on your display screen. 包含材料的计算机就会自动进行连接和引用的材料出现在显示器屏幕上。Web pages also can contain special programs called applets that are typically written in a programming language such as Java.(Java and other programming languages will be presented in Chapter14.) Web 页还可以包含特殊程序也称为通常在编程语言 （如 Java 编写的小程序。（Java 和其他编程语言将在 Chapter14)。These programs can be downloaded quickly and run by most browsers. 这些程序可以很快被下载和运行的大多数浏览器。Java applets are widely used to add interest and activity to a Web site by presenting animation ,displaying graphics,providing interactive games,and much more. Java 小程序广泛用于将兴趣和活动添加到一个 Web 站点所呈现的动画，显示图形，提供互动游戏和更多。

To learn more about browsers,visit our Web site at www.computing2008.com and enter the keyword browsers. 要了解更多的浏览器，请访问我们的网站，网址为 www。computing2008.com 和输入的关键字浏览器。

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