2019清华大学自主招生试题(含答案)

发布时间:2020-05-19 10:36:40

一、 选择题

1.设复数z=cosb6d47c3107d3e2b95e2cbfb9826f3314.png+isinb6d47c3107d3e2b95e2cbfb9826f3314.png,则5d3429ee9789b939305bf540e372399a.png=(        )

(A)0 (B)1 (C)93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.png (D)bd8eacd6ef8c460fea72f998c06d4e7e.png

2.设数列3d0299a906f22a56ae7e72f5cb3590bf.png为等差数列,p,q,k,l为正整数,则“p+q>k+l”是“8c2b0ef74f4fe5321022382a14d2bd18.png( )条件

(A)充分不必要 (B)必要不充分 (C)充要 (D)既不充分也不必要

3.设A、B是抛物线y=c66452631491acdbf8e5ed69dfd19681.png上两点,O是坐标原点,若OA⊥OB,则( )

(A)|OA|·|OB|≥2 (B)|OA|+|OB|≥2d21848cdd835abcb491be1f151e9b6c6.png

(C)直线AB过抛物线y=c66452631491acdbf8e5ed69dfd19681.png焦点 (D)O到直线AB的距离小于等于1

4.设函数50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png的定义域为(-1,1),且满足:①50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png>0,x∈(-1,0);②50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png+a2f04f05381d50c6b30a094fdae98b25.png=de3aa29d15a06ac099a3b2185acb894a.png,x、y∈(-1,1),则50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png

(A)奇函数 (B)偶函数 (C)减函数 (D)有界函数

5.如图,已知直线y=kx+m与曲线y=f(x)相切于两点,则F(x)=f(x)kx有(        )

(A)2个极大值点 (B)3个极大值点 (C)2个极小值点 (D)3个极小值点

6.△ABC的三边分别为0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.pngbc.若c=2,C=c87d41c12d441153b97f3593f330c121.png,且sinC+sin(BA)2sin2A=0,则(    )

(A)b=20cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.png (B)△ABC的周长为2+291a24814efa2661939c57367281c819c.png (C)△ABC的面积为aa3790abab39a09bb7f6e719af95bde5.png(D)△ABC的外接圆半径为aa3790abab39a09bb7f6e719af95bde5.png

7.设函数7e30ae770c9a184315a0e6adc3d704c4.png,则(        )

(A)50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png有极小值,但无最小值 (B) 50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png有极大值,但无最大值

(C)若方程50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png=b恰有一个实根,则b>193f9791769b68bdc8d93458e0ecd08e.png (D)若方程50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png=b恰有三个不同实根,则0193f9791769b68bdc8d93458e0ecd08e.png

8.已知A={(x,y)96597b64664f07a4c5cd937756976fa1.png},B={(x,y)a092d3e88c87f2b51324b933d0c1c290.png,已知A∩B={(cfad68f13e3e0c738272c106f5366d08.png),(80efa16ddcabdf5de3eb61c1c8eb33c1.png)},则(        )

(A)0<2e328c7d231df9a5fe7603b5813b5a08.png<2bf0e22b63959a3aae3c6c971f02227cb.png (B)bc4a206faef84be75d94242523f1a1e9.png

(C)74cfec4851f54bc9e1bc1f4b40b5474f.png=0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.pngf7d47cef57b16d724725f5ea394ab8eb.png=b (D)2e328c7d231df9a5fe7603b5813b5a08.png=27c4affc582be0e368d67b8f80eb18d0.png

9.已知非负实数x,y,z满足894567d65a16dd6fffbd9e514e11fedf.png+2z=3,则5x+4y+3z最小值为(        )

(A)1 (B)2 (C)3 (D)4

10.设数列{9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png}前n项和为44d853a7808a331d95220fcb38095649.png,若对任意正整数n,总存在正整数m,使得44d853a7808a331d95220fcb38095649.png=f34ca83cedb0460b0a143bb2e45aea54.png,则(        )

A){9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png}可能为等差数列B{9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png}可能为等比数列

C{9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png}的任意一项均可写成{9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png}的两项之差(D)对任意正整数n,总存在正整数m,使得9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png=0c30ba46e4b9160e87d21c0ea66c5806.png

11.运动会上,有6名选手参加100米比赛,观众甲猜测:4道或5道的选手得第一名;观众乙猜测:3道的选手不可能得第一名;观众丙猜测:1,2,6道选手中的一位获得第一名;观众丁猜测:4,5,6道的选手都不可能获得第一名.比赛后发现没有并列名次,且甲、乙、丙、丁中只有1人猜对比赛结果,此人是(      )

(A) (B) (C) (D)

12.长方体ABCD−703fe088346610133e7e81ef6d0350ee.png中,AB=2,AD=Ae283f48f6f3d4077546b2b697c3eebad.png=1,则A到平面e283f48f6f3d4077546b2b697c3eebad.pngBD的距离为(     )

(A)7964c6a339acf2ddea25a5ef0552b97e.png (B)6ca8c824c79dbb80005f071431350618.png (C)a00b629a6429aaa56a0373d8de9efd68.png (D)7eeb585c11985cd3d38bae4074cc419b.png

13.设不等式组5510a22ec46030126464a35b054f3469.png所表示的区域为D,其面积为S,则(        )

(A)若S=4,则k的值唯一 (B)若S=93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.png,则k的值有2个

(C)若D为三角形,则06ca8c824c79dbb80005f071431350618.png (D)若D为五边形,则k>4

14.△ABC的三边长是2,3,4,其外心为O,则c18149cadb5c251cec6eec411581ea92.png=(        )

(A)0 (B)−15 (C)40e09ef68d638be9fce275f8881614a2.png (D)89cb8ca274116d6a545022e4e5712adc.png

15.设随机事件A与B互相独立,且P(B)=0.5,P(A−B)=0.2,则(         )

(A)P(A)=0.4 (B)P(B−A)=0.3 (C)P(AB)=0.2 (D)P(A+B)=0.9

16.ABC的重心作直线将ABC分成两部分,则这两部分的面积之比的(        )

(A)最小值为9df743fb4a026d67e85ab08111c4aedd.png (B)最小值为27abf3c3c0ceec6fce6416dc3fcf1951.png (C)最大值为fa02b68ab3ebb2cf37dabd34cdfc6b97.png (D最大值为a55337e42fcc5ede2854cfdc65b4e4cc.png

17.从正15边形的顶点中选出3个构成钝角三角形,则不同的选法有(        )

(A)105种 (B)225种 (C)315种 (D)420种

18.已知存在实数r,使得圆周96597b64664f07a4c5cd937756976fa1.png上恰好有n个整点,则n可以等于(        )

(A)4 (B)6 (C)8 (D)12

19.设复数z满足2|z||z−1|,则(        )

(A)|z|的最大值为1 (B)|z|的最小值为7964c6a339acf2ddea25a5ef0552b97e.png (C)z的虚部的最大值为6ca8c824c79dbb80005f071431350618.png (D)z的实部的最大值为7964c6a339acf2ddea25a5ef0552b97e.png

20.设m,n是大于零的实数,89e9c902fed032a267e19bcbbe710b75.png=(mcosα,msinα),7f711ac1314a21599dc5a9c5bb757eff.png=(ncosβ,nsinβ),其中α,β[0,2π)α,β[0,2π).定义向量195e405ea961b73d60a52f68fca2117a.png=(a2c0ea6f06188d2e4a0884c9f108cdc6.png,6500511cd59f0ecdf192b98d99751a90.png),259bbc35a8eea836216cefaa9bb01e9e.png=(deef6a9c2edc7137cf965fbadbfb4f5d.png,9c64a05491ab01d0667b5e875cadfc37.png),记θ=α−β,则(        )

(A)195e405ea961b73d60a52f68fca2117a.png·195e405ea961b73d60a52f68fca2117a.png=89e9c902fed032a267e19bcbbe710b75.png (B)5e5a33e258960de7750ebf285286de84.png=85fd8b4cc5edc98babe0d139b46bd36c.png (C)c1d8c1db75c49018ab0d79bc495d68c9.png (D)652030ef2475c0e75b2c7b9b124b1b9d.png

21.设数列{9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png}满足:8e6ba967645c302e1f2a60ec9c341e5c.png=6,98d67d935f385e5b6dcb799c8601b9c9.png,则(        )

(A)nN,9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png<676ef3dcbf6e45848b2fbf8425025325.png (B)nN,9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png≠2015

(C)nN,9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png为完全平方数 (D)nN, 9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png为完全立方数

22.在极坐标系中,下列方程表示的图形是椭圆的有(        )

Aρ=a35a41897f7a91beebfc1934d817416a.png Bρ=cfe95ce588beb76219741afa766b4f62.png Cρ=693fe6d7da5db77da1f33953e0a242c1.pngDρ=829900273416c1610787a17ac5d6b947.png

23.设函数3041088bec0e86e5e89b3e57873fd12f.png,则(        )

A50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.pngfa02b68ab3ebb2cf37dabd34cdfc6b97.png (B)|50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png|5|x| (C)曲线y=50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png存在对称轴 (D)曲线y=50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png存在对称中心

24.△ABC的三边分别为0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.png,b,c,若ABC为锐角三角形,则(        )

(A)sinA>cosB (B)tanA>cotB (C)181f82de161759a7249e2048764b1156.png (D)44aa6724d1ab5a814cf140a2e6cf2a83.png

25.设函数50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png的定义域是(−1,1),若01ba77110113019916a9054319ae7c05.png=ff3bb014972fe45aabc745cd0793723f.png=1,则存在实数δ(0,1),使得(  )

(A)50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png>0,x(−δ,δ) (B)50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png在(−δ,δ)上单调递增

(C)50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png>1,x(0,δ) (D)50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png>1,x(−δ,0)

26.在直角坐标系中,已知A(−1,0),B(1,0).若对于y轴上的任意n个不同3d4f699e01bfdbaedd32697b36350a56.png(k=1,2,,n),总存在两个不同9e5fb72f12371dd00668ac0423d3aec1.png,bd758bd9fc9fb546dd9882f82337a8c8.png,使得|sinA9e5fb72f12371dd00668ac0423d3aec1.pngB−sinAbd758bd9fc9fb546dd9882f82337a8c8.pngB|7964c6a339acf2ddea25a5ef0552b97e.png,则n的最小值为(   )

(A)3 (B)4 (C)5 (D)6

27.设非负实数x,y满足2x+y=1,则x+c5bd85f4f0c404af6031e092e125e9ea.png的(    )

(A)最小值为27abf3c3c0ceec6fce6416dc3fcf1951.png (B)最小值为add2b5c8b974155f65e931df2054a985.png (C)最大值为1 (D)最大值为d60d167fed021e81877b75159c9d70bd.png

28.对于50个黑球和49个白球的任意排列(从左到右排成一行),则(        )

(A)存在一个黑球,它右侧的白球和黑球一样多 (B)存在一个白球,它右侧的白球和黑球一样多

(C)存在一个黑球,它右侧的白球比黑球少一个 (D)存在一个白球,它右侧的白球比黑球少一个

29.从1,2,3,4,5中挑出三个不同数字组成五位数,其中有两个数字各用两次,例如12231,则能得到的不同的五位数有(        )

(A)300个 (B)450个 (C)900个 (D)1800个

30.设曲线L的方程为656833c1d5da349c308da43b59660865.png=0,则(        )

(A)L是轴对称图形 (B)L是中心对称图形

(C)L{(x,y)94bf08e8732747067e12634019d442b4.png1} (D)L{(x,y)93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.png≤y≤93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.png}

##Answer##

1.【解析】 5d3429ee9789b939305bf540e372399a.png=14518ce2cff5ddcbeda9297eb9c16f43.png=3340030bb769308193a38a2edb96cd38.png=8aa86dfcdf7772100b8af503d5f7d9fa.png

=4b8e34654473b795690b68b205c5ab63.png-a31c98b0a336202fa10b4e98c930b903.png

=dda0b79856b21802c77383d62f350cca.png-ce80de71a53206145222f32a545b540b.png

=f7acc875656408481bcb353a8f4d52f0.png=1,选B

2.【简解】 e68b3402143eb28ebb3f74b60895656c.png=[(p+q)-(k+l)]d,与公差d的符号有关,选D

3.【解析】设A(193307887e5d3f2f12b89eacaf7da3b1.png),B(ac2b8798efddc09d6f1f56d1ceb7185a.png),71a5469736ea440407b9a1f66658d3a8.png=e57a98cb18bc34944a4d2f1ea5b2eb81.png=0c747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.pngff0f4a59eb97907727149331497be67a.png

答案(A),c0ee0773ba4127c746012262e5e3590a.png=ea5426a927a16ab01a038ccbf3a323a7.png=039b1e58aa03349a359ac168fe2f365a.png8b46f6817aaf9ca2046f26964eea56a1.png=2,正确;答案(B),|OA|+|OB|≥26b6f9b5b04a2b6da222778d2cd32aa34.png≥2d21848cdd835abcb491be1f151e9b6c6.png,正确;答案(C),直线AB的斜率为637fb90b94505801eeb03de0c78e0f3f.png=45e225c8abd6687e8995d324749ee92b.png=00b74cf1e0bd9e7a81fe8e0c64f2c507.png 程为y-6fa3d27c9f5cd00059e421c10383dc41.png=(00b74cf1e0bd9e7a81fe8e0c64f2c507.png)(x-f9a3b8e9e501458e8face47cae8826de.png),焦点(0,eca3bf81573307ec3002cf846390d363.png)不满足方程,错误;答案(D),原点到直线AB:(00b74cf1e0bd9e7a81fe8e0c64f2c507.png)x-y+1=0的距离d=544ebb7d050d2909877cb739d0210316.png≤1,正确。选ABD

4.【解析】x=y=0c747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png01ba77110113019916a9054319ae7c05.png=0,y=-xc747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.pngcf63df52ff11aba66ee8106b6af91282.png,50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png为奇函数,(A)正确;d6410bdefbefe51a8580d527763b4ed3.png0,(B)错误;efe46c48bf0ef19d5cfb8a4d0860ea0f.png31b25a1895b28403a9f1db88852eb652.png-c55a0c62470b62355159cb8a789a42fd.png=31b25a1895b28403a9f1db88852eb652.png+e9a87958dd55178120867d1da0205c17.png=94737df6f66ab0947a38411afeed4578.png>0c747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png31b25a1895b28403a9f1db88852eb652.png>c55a0c62470b62355159cb8a789a42fd.pngc747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png↓,(C)正确;50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png=-tanfffaec5cc6bc5fb140464e667ba5db19.png满足已知条件,但无界,(D)错误。选A,C

5.【简解】将直线平移知:斜率为k直线,与曲线y=50bbd36e1fd2333108437a2ca378be62.png至多有五个公共点,其中在此直线先下方后上方两个区间,先上方后下方三个区间,故d76f2c4d6bdf142af5106c3f36e9e970.png有三个极大值点,两个极小值点。选BC

6.【解析】2R=8067ba1ef2aa1e49ae55f588dd9002da.png=08bc48de206592c6961f94bfa2718197.pngc747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.pngR=820b5582d6dcc8ca8a91d2f691b3f28f.png,D正确;

又sinC+sin(B-A)=sin(B+A)+sin(B-A)=2sinBcosA=2sin2A=4sinAcosAc747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.pngcosA=0或sinB=2sinAc747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.pngA=6d1a6127d3610e7b68659478ed0c2ae2.png或b=20cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.png; A=6d1a6127d3610e7b68659478ed0c2ae2.png时,b=820b5582d6dcc8ca8a91d2f691b3f28f.png, 0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.png=65754494e861b627631a1dd5fc518b53.png,周长为2+91a24814efa2661939c57367281c819c.png,面积为820b5582d6dcc8ca8a91d2f691b3f28f.png;b=20cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.png时,d1361fe8d9cd3d38c0919846ab0d3d8e.png=362901e96f0e7f57337b7796620a36af.pngc747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661.png=820b5582d6dcc8ca8a91d2f691b3f28f.png,B=6d1a6127d3610e7b68659478ed0c2ae2.png,同样有周长为2+91a24814efa2661939c57367281c819c.png,面积为820b5582d6dcc8ca8a91d2f691b3f28f.png。选BCD

7.【简解】d267392b36cc3ca35802359790ea76e6.png=(x+3)(x-1)5cffa5d7a0c145a80dee9dc2295d5cdf.png,f490965ab0a9f2c32972186bfbf2b743.png, 64d4cec82256707d69b7b77487a755c4.png,作出其大致图象,如图

word/media/image160.gif

选BD

8.【解析】已知即半径相等的两圆⊙O:96597b64664f07a4c5cd937756976fa1.png与⊙C:a092d3e88c87f2b51324b933d0c1c290.png交于相异的两点58618bbaca17900bc9054fd4473d4a41.png44dee2bccddf101f4a46e80ad4fa353d.png。0<|OC|<2|r|ce357ab6ce19991b864bf7e6a01b9da7.png0<2e328c7d231df9a5fe7603b5813b5a08.png<4bf0e22b63959a3aae3c6c971f02227cb.png,(A)错;四边形O47ddd0a8d1607438330cf19c0c1ac45e.pngC2d145e3684093dda8dbfe869afa543f9.png是菱形c747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png对角线OC与0acf75775b20e3f8d94ad48f9461b9f6.png垂直且平分,(B)(C)正确;2e328c7d231df9a5fe7603b5813b5a08.png=27c4affc582be0e368d67b8f80eb18d0.pngce357ab6ce19991b864bf7e6a01b9da7.png0ca666d1e69eaef0d0ab16e313751705.pngce357ab6ce19991b864bf7e6a01b9da7.png41cc1522fbecda22aa7902f090e7d72a.png,(D)正确。

总之,选BCD

9.【解析】关于z的方程91e617df7479db7de9b8d1a5945e0fbf.png有非负实数解,z=-1+29d6602e383c8160029f3b12ec22f6947.png≥0c747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png6be1db4850b25f7b6bddb8bd6dc14898.png,

d=5x+4y+3z=5x+4y+69d6602e383c8160029f3b12ec22f6947.png-3,设x=rcosθ,y=rsinθ,θ∈[0,6d1a6127d3610e7b68659478ed0c2ae2.png],r∈[0,aed430fdf4c64058b58e05bf9ccbbbde.png]

d=r(5cosθ+4sinθ)+6627f10544074e2b4fea880d9ace65d23.png-3=r0622a38f8aa08bb926f8a4f806989015.pngsin(θ+arctana55337e42fcc5ede2854cfdc65b4e4cc.png)+6627f10544074e2b4fea880d9ace65d23.png-3

≥4r+6627f10544074e2b4fea880d9ace65d23.png-3=2(2r+3627f10544074e2b4fea880d9ace65d23.png)-3,设89e9c902fed032a267e19bcbbe710b75.png=(2,3),7f711ac1314a21599dc5a9c5bb757eff.png=(r,627f10544074e2b4fea880d9ace65d23.png)

d≥2b7cd8a1a284516711f0d10f3271930ad.png-3=2d56b32320294f3daded515960f8ebf20.pngcos(d10fe3a9f5be5e94fbdaee38ed47b25f.png)-3=28932ad6bd279127618cd620c44a8deff.pngcos(d10fe3a9f5be5e94fbdaee38ed47b25f.png)-3,作图知

word/media/image189_1.png

(d10fe3a9f5be5e94fbdaee38ed47b25f.png)最大值是7f711ac1314a21599dc5a9c5bb757eff.png93bf481ca0979f51a8935d3684a8fbf0.png夹角,此时d≥28932ad6bd279127618cd620c44a8deff.pngf8766828f4f1725011fe3b11dcf08e07.png-3=3。选C

10.【解析】答案(A),常数列0,0,0,...满足要求;答案(B),公比q=1时因n8e6ba967645c302e1f2a60ec9c341e5c.png8e6ba967645c302e1f2a60ec9c341e5c.png,结论假,q≠1时,84cac1af8cbbdc793139935f4e06cbb6.pngce357ab6ce19991b864bf7e6a01b9da7.png305bbaa533ddae273132079ad2ebe18f.png常数,也不可能;答案(C),0dbbedd021608aa8e606a836ed32857f.png=26bee6866ba0d60ad4dd9296749e7159.png,满足要求;答案(D),9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png=0c30ba46e4b9160e87d21c0ea66c5806.png=14e0df45900873845c67edfe0b8d2ae8.png,并非对所有数列成立。选AC

11.【简解】答案甲乙丙不能保证只有一个正确,故选D

12.等体积法,选B

13.【解析】如图:不等式组表示过点P(-1,-2)的直线的下方与正方形ABCD围成的面积图形

word/media/image203.emf

k>0时,S单调增,梯形2d145e3684093dda8dbfe869afa543f9.pngABC面积为e69f130587f8e773969caed573b9ba6d.png>4,故S=4只有一解,(A)正确;△47ddd0a8d1607438330cf19c0c1ac45e.pngAB、△14d278abe39892d639894da378174957.pngD的面积分别为27abf3c3c0ceec6fce6416dc3fcf1951.png、1,都比93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.png大,故再两个三角形内各存在一个围成面积为93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.png直线,(B)正确;k<0时,围成的仍然是三角形,(C)错误;围成五边形,斜率大于直线PC斜率4,(D)正确。选ABD

14.【简解】取AB的中点D,则a9fc8d77c24592d11ecf6b077b379e75.png=OA×AB×cos(π-∠OAB)=-AB×(OA×cos∠OAB)=-6a17dd7905a103e02fcd6b77bf408eca.png,同理f010d354a959dc1773c1285d811f5dee.png =eb6933b96e3aa7c4d45730309c50b666.png66d4d91c4c32af200c8358b4c204b2f3.png,原式=1ec0824da4100fc2c2e8bbf9e9270fe6.png .选D

15.【简解】设P(AB)=x,则P(A)=0.2+x,根据P(AB)=P(A)P(B)有x=(0.2+x)×0.5c747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.pngx=0.2;P(A)=0.4,(A)正确;P(B-A)=0.5-0.2=0.3,(B)正确;P(AB)=0.2,(C)正确;P(A+B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(AB)=0.7,(D)错误。选ABC

16.【解析】设△ABC的重心为G,面积为1,过点G的直线与三角形边AB、AC分别相交于D、E,AD=xAB,AE=yAC,则有93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.pngAB×ACsinA=1,如图

word/media/image218_1.png

特别的x,y∈{0,1}时,DE为三角形的中线,此时分成两部分面积比值为1

当x,y∈(0,1)时,△ADE面积S=93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.pngAD×AEsinA=93b05c90d14a117ba52da1d743a43ab1.pngxAB×yACsinA=xy,D、G、E三点共线c747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png存在实数λ,使得61a8e0cbdedcd3b1f160b9dca0b515e4.pngc747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png765142616c57d3fe69a04169192c5818.png=λ(75420bc0f2b3c97e44073a67523178d9.png)c747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.pngf437d5b2a326f49cabc11b8a88590d70.png=(1-λ)367c39921058afc050b0ceca063de712.png92c89188dab6c813a4b345443743b25b.png=(1-λ)xed7822c175dd4385510f7259a7fcfa41.png+λyf51c311ffaf7730d41ef1ac81e156cbd.png,又f437d5b2a326f49cabc11b8a88590d70.png=9a653134ca4d7fe07b89afaeec1596ee.png +c5ea2ff9df4137644113fa3260621be2.pngc747017dd963feee68eba362e4fd95e6.png56b2d11880465dbe768d5ac0821426cb.png ,消去λ得到8ba5a928091694acc4e446ce679abf9c.png=3,因8ba5a928091694acc4e446ce679abf9c.png≥2859739428b6a39ee10e47a7037191595.png93b0922bf1c6de86c976bae9713a2794.pngce357ab6ce19991b864bf7e6a01b9da7.png56a6a06750c25225bd057fd47c9f998b.png6ca8c824c79dbb80005f071431350618.pngce357ab6ce19991b864bf7e6a01b9da7.pngS≥bb0695289f737b14ad09e2ee77c5942f.png,等号成立当且仅当x=y=6ca8c824c79dbb80005f071431350618.pngce357ab6ce19991b864bf7e6a01b9da7.pngDE∥BC,故S最小值为bb0695289f737b14ad09e2ee77c5942f.png,1-S的最大值为0375c8978fffc23854f4a4391e070bfd.png;故两面积比值有最小值27abf3c3c0ceec6fce6416dc3fcf1951.png,最大值a55337e42fcc5ede2854cfdc65b4e4cc.png。选BD

17.【解析】先看一个顶点处构成钝角的三角形个数,加设此点为A,从A逆时针方向的点依次记为d93f57d24bbe3378bf1116d752877d4f.png(k=1,2,3,,7),顺时针方向的顶点依次记为4ab2335d54e2679a415c693d2815d0d0.png(k=1,2,3,,7),△8518e9197698fc72c89137bda7923e73.png要构成以A为钝角的钝角三角形,则n+m≤7,有1+2+3++6=21个。于是共可构成15×21=315个钝角三角形。选C

18.【简解】正数点关于x轴、y轴对称,故一定是4的倍数。选ACD

19.【简解】设x=x+yi(x,y∈R),代入化简得到2a548695bc038491a0a5212dada0e38a.png,表示以(-7964c6a339acf2ddea25a5ef0552b97e.png,0)为圆心,以6ca8c824c79dbb80005f071431350618.png为半径的圆及其内部,根据图形,选ACD

20. 【解析】195e405ea961b73d60a52f68fca2117a.png·195e405ea961b73d60a52f68fca2117a.png是一个数值,不是向量,(A)错;

5e5a33e258960de7750ebf285286de84.png=ed4ebb84bf90d93b2ec9b5f0ea7e8e5d.png+2b0982ba1e2fc8d8bf933ddbfc509b3b.png=cd1720e4b4f5153db8286cbfe9c6bb85.png=85fd8b4cc5edc98babe0d139b46bd36c.png,(B)正确;

27e7250ce7011cc84cdd90ae5c6d1c0c.png=842048178a21df31495fd021a3976309.png+db3b53fa7620d56158bf42aac8b573cc.png=m+n-29f0d528e07bddb8598dcd2443e67b6c3.pngcos9904e9c20d41dc059aacb96e6fb07aac.png= m+n-29f0d528e07bddb8598dcd2443e67b6c3.pngcos757108c94b449c708a7d512783377e7a.png≥29f0d528e07bddb8598dcd2443e67b6c3.png(1-cos757108c94b449c708a7d512783377e7a.png)=885395743fbba4f7c2160b4b64621488.png,(C)正确;

同理(D)正确

选BCD

21.【简解】c289e8b64ad22526b8517c47f95c73ff.png,迭乘得到9ded7825070b255e7bc092cdc2c8e98a.png=(n+2)(n+1)n;ee127c2be19130d640b881489a934fee.pngn(n+2)<cd398e4af9b2a5b7e2d38a6dd7f56662.png,(A)正确;2015=5×13×31,不可能是三个连续整数之积,(B)正确;三个连续整数积不可能为完全平方数和立方数,(C)(D)错误。选AB

2019清华大学自主招生试题(含答案)

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