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发布时间：1714321485
●DictoSimpliciter绝对判断(Latin:"fromamaximwithoutqualification",
meaning"fromauniversalrule"oraddictumsimpliciter(Latin:"toamaximwithoutqualification",meaning"toauniversalrule"areLatinphrasesforatypeoflogicalfallacy.Thea(meaning"from"isoftenomittedwhenthisphraseisusedinEnglish,beingmistakenforanindefinitearticle.
Adictosimpliciterfallaciesaredeductivefallaciesthatoccurinstatistical
syllogisms.Adictosimpliciteroccurswhenanacceptableexceptionisignoredoreliminated.
●HastyGeneralization草率结论isalogicalfallacyoffaultygeneralization
byreachinganinductivegeneralizationbasedoninsufficientevidence.Itcommonlyinvolvesbasingabroadconclusionuponthestatisticsofasurveyofasmallgroupthatfailstosufficientlyrepresentthewholepopulation.
●PostHoc牵强附会,Latinfor"afterthis,thereforebecauseofthis",isa
logicalfallacy(ofthequestionablecausevarietythatstates,"Sincethatevent
followedthisone,thateventmusthavebeencausedbythisone."Itisoften
shortenedtosimplyposthocandisalsosometimesreferredtoasfalsecause,coincidentalcorrelation,orcorrelationnotcausation.Itissubtlydifferentfromthefallacycumhocergopropterhoc,inwhichthechronologicalorderingofacorrelationisinsignificant.
●ContradictoryPremises矛盾前提Conclusionsaredrawnfromthe
interactionsofpremises:wheretwopremisescontradicteachother,therecan
benointeractionandhencenoconclusion.Similarly,ifthedefinitionsoftwotermsconflictwithorexcludeeachother,thenthosetwotermscannotbesimultaneouslyascribedtoasingleobjectorevent.
●AdMisericordiam文不对题isafallacyinwhichsomeonetriestowin
supportforanargumentorideabyexploitingherorhisopponent'sfeelingsofpityorguilt.Theappealtopityisaspecifickindofappealtoemotion.
●FalseAnalogy错误类比isaninformalfallacyapplyingtoinductive
arguments.Itisoftenmistakenlyconsideredtobeaformalfallacy,butitisnot,becauseafalseanalogyconsistsofanerrorinthesubstanceofanargument(thecontentoftheanalogyitself,notanerrorinthelogicalstructureoftheargument.
●HypothesisContrarytoFact与事实相反的假设Thisfallacyconsistsintreatingahypotheticalclaimasifitwereastatementoffactbymakingaclaim,withoutsufficientevidence,aboutwhatwouldhavehappenedinthepastifotherconditionshadbeenpresentoraneventthatwilloccurinthefuture.
●PoisoningtheWell井下放毒(orattemptingtopoisonthewellisalogical
fallacywhereadverseinformationaboutatargetispre-emptivelypresented 