种类

句型

主语

谓语部分

谓语动词

表语

宾语

宾语补足语

第1种

S＋V主谓结构

Birds

fly.

第2种

S＋V＋O主谓宾结构

He

plays

the piano.

第3种

S＋V＋P主系表结构

We

are(系动词)

friends.

第4种

S＋V＋O1＋O2主谓双宾结构

I

gave

him a pen.

(间宾)(直宾)

第5种

S＋V＋O＋C主谓宾宾补结构

Tom

made

me

cry.

说明

S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语

句子成分

意义

充当词类

例句

主语

The Subject

句子说明的人或事物。

名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等。

American_music has become popular.

We often speak English in class.

谓语

The Predicate

说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。

动词

We are students.

He practices running every morning.

宾语

The Object

表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和宾语从句等。

The girls like English.

He gave me a_book yesterday.

表语

The Predicative

说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。

名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词和表语从句等。

Our teacher is an_American.

My car is white.

We were at_school just now.

宾语补足语

The Object

Complement

补充说明宾语的性质、特征等。

名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等。

His father named her Lily.

They painted their boat white.

定语

The Attribute

修饰名词或代词，具有形容词性质。

形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语等。

Guilin is a beautiful city.

What is his name?

We have four lessons every day.

状语

The Adverbial

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，具有副词性质，说明动作或状态特征。

副词、介词短语和相当于副词的词或短语等。

We often get up early.

He has lived in the city for_ten_years.

句子成分　主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。

学记口诀　宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。