高考英语阅读理解技巧和方法完整版及练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

    A new family moved in next door and I got to meet the mother of the family, Lydia. Lydia is Korean, and her family moved to our city so her husband could go to graduate school. We started talking, and she was apologetic about how bad her English was, but I didn't care. I knew how hard it was to learn a second language. I enjoyed chatting with Lydia as we watched our kids play.

    It was what came next that challenged me: Lydia asked if I'd be willing to help her with her English. Now, I am not a teacher. I admire teachers, and I'm grateful for teachers, and it's because I admire what they do so much that I was very very sure that I couldn't do it myself.

    But Lydia was sure that she wanted my help. I was doubtful. I wasn't sure my "help" was even worth being called by that name. But because she asked me, I said "yes." And that was the beginning of a friendship. Lydia and I spent afternoons sitting together and reading the newspaper, and as we did, she asked me questions when she had them questions about language, yes, but also questions about the new culture she found herself in. In turn, I asked my own questions, growing curious about her home country and culture. We bonded over our shared faith and our struggles as mothers of kids with special needs, When I complimented（恭维） her cooking, she began to teach me about Korean food, eventually leading to a shared trip to explore the Korean grocery stores in our city. Because of Lydia, 1 learned more about my own hometown than I ever could have learned by myself. I'm still not sure that I'm any good as a teacher. But I'm grateful I said "yes" when my neighbor asked me to help her with her English. That meant spending extra time with my neighbor, and that extra time meant she didn't remain just my neighbor. She became my friend.

（1）What was Lydia sorry about?

A. Her bad English.                                               B. Her carelessness.

C. Nobody teaching her English.                         D. Her poor life in a new place.

（2）What can be concluded from the third paragraph?

A. The author admired teachers.                         B. The author wanted to be a teacher.

C. The author didn't want to help Lydia.             D. The author was not confident in helping Lydia.

（3）Why was the author grateful at the last paragraph?

A. She managed to learn English well.                B. She made friends with her neighbor.

C. She learned how to cook Korean food.          D. She realized her dream of being a teacher.

（4）What can we learn from the passage?

A. No pains, no gains.                                          B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

C. To help others is to help ourselves.                D. Where there is a will, there is a way.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在帮助新搬来的邻居学习英语时，感受到了快乐和收获，并且和邻居成为了好朋友。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We started talking, and she was apologetic about how bad her English was,”可知，Lydia遗憾的是她的英语不好。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But Lydia was sure that she wanted my help. I was doubtful. I wasn't sure my‘help’ was even worth being called by that name.”可知作者没有信心帮助Lydia。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But I'm grateful I said "yes" when my neighbor asked me to help her with her English. That meant spending extra time with my neighbor, and that extra time meant she didn't remain just my neighbor.”可知，作者之所以感激是因为她与她的邻居成了朋友。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“That meant spending extra time with my neighbor, and that extra time meant she didn't remain just my neighbor. She became my friend”可知，帮助别人也就是帮助自己。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

    In the future those who are taking care of old people may get help from the house itself.

    Over the last few years, new technology, such as the Internet, Wi-Fi and flat TV screens, has changed our homes and the way that we live. Now, another technology revolution is happening. A new project at the University of Hertfordshire wants to create a home that monitors people living in it who are elderly.

    The researchers have developed a wristband device（装置）which helps us to watch the elderly person who is wearing it. The device collects information to see if the person has fallen or has wandered away from where he or she should be.

    The assisted-living project is part of the university's wider Interhome project, which is the development of a smart house. The house remembers the habits of the person who lives there and it uses very low amounts of energy. The Interhome team hope that offering this service will help take care of the elderly. They say, "It's very important that these technologies are there to help and support and not replace any of the existing services."

    The Interhome is not just a research method. It's also a way for students from different scientific backgrounds to learn and develop technology. The university uses the latest technology to help students get experience by developing new hardware and software themselves. The team includes design, engineering and computer science students working together.

    "We are working on a smart-home project in Watford with some companies at the moment," says the project leader. "We are looking at how a smart home can provide even more services." This could help millions of old people around the world have a better and safer life in the future.

（1）The wristband device benefits its users by       .

A. changing the living habits of the elderly         B. monitoring people who live in a smart home

C. offering information to the person wearing it         D. watching over the elderly who may fall or get lost

（2）Whom does the University of Hertfordshire have in its research team?

A. Students who want to find a job eagerly.         B. Students who prefer to work on their own.

C. Students from different scientific backgrounds.         D. Students with a lot of rich working experience.

（3）What is the project leader's attitude towards the future of the smart home project?

A. Uncertain.                   B. Uninterested.                   C. Optimistic.                   D. Disappointed.

（4）What might be the main idea of the passage?

A. A wristband device has changed the way that we live.         B. A smart home helps students develop hardware and software.

C. An Interhome project has been put into use to help the elderly.         D. An Interhome project will help the old live a better and safer life.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，将来那些照顾老人的人可能会得到帮助。研究人员开发了一种腕带装置帮助我们关注戴着它的老人。Interhome团队希望提供这项服务将有助于照顾老人。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ The device collects information to see if the person has fallen or has wandered away from where he or she should be”可知该装置是收集老人是否摔倒；是否走失之类的信息。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“ The team includes design engineering and computer science. Science students working together”可知该研究队成员包括设计部学生，工程部学生，计算机科学部学生;这些学生共同努力研制。可以推知：成员来自不同科技背景的学生。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“This could help millions of old people around the world have a better and safer life in the future”可知项目部领导对“智能家庭”项目的态度是很乐观的。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Now, another technology revolution is happening”可知现在这款新科技将要改变生活。本文主要讲的是一款新科技要帮助老人过上更好的生活，而不是“帮学生研发硬件和软件”。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

    Flying for a long time, you finally arrive at the place where you can relax—your hotel room. Now you throwyour bag on the bed, turn on the TV and watch an international news programme on a satellite channel probably from UK or the USA.

    The main international broadcasters are BBC World and CNN. With an audience of over 1.5 billion people, these are popular channels that offer good-quality news programmes. In both companies, the journalists are experienced writers that produce journalism of a high standard.

    However, there are alternative news channels which people watch because they want a less traditional or non-Western view on world events. Russia Today and Al Jazeera International, an Arabic company, are international channels that broadcast in English. Both companies say they give a fresh view on big stories, and their experienced journalists often report from places where Western journalists do not work, and so they give us stories that we don't normally see.

    The Internet offers more variety. OneWorldTV is an Internet site where you can find stories about the developing world and human rights, rather than the usual stories about US politics and business. The writers for this company are often local people who write the stories for free. This non-professional journalism is increasing, and it certainly offers more choices.

    This increase in citizen journalism means that you can write the news, too. Main news broadcasters often use photographs and stories that members of the general public send to them, especially when there is a dramatic breaking news story. Besides this, some blogs are popular sources of news, and the website NowPublic lets you write stories using information you can get from anywhere, including sites like Youtube, Flickr and Twitter.

（1）The first paragraph is meant to       .

A. offer a suggestion        B. give a warning        C. explain a reason        D. introduce the topic

（2）It can be learned from the text that more and more people will       .

A. prefer to read local news                                 B. pay more attention to world news

C. start a career in citizen journalism                  D. give up watching TV news programmes

（3）What would be the best title for the text?

A. The Latest Local News                                     B. More Choices for News

C. The End of TV News                                         D. Traditional World News

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了市民可以观看的新闻媒体。有些新闻来自国家（正式新闻）;有些新闻来自民间，这种民间的非正式媒体新闻正呈上升趋势；市民还可以在网上发布一些新闻。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ watch an international news program on a satellite channel probably from UK or the USA.”和第二段中的“The main international broadcasters are BBC World and CNN”可以推断出第一段是引子，是为了引出下文的话题（介绍BBC World和CNN）。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ This is non -professional journalism is increasing and it certainly offers more choices”和第三段中的“This increase in citizen journalism means that you can write the news ,too”可知越来越多的人写新闻，故而可推断出更多的人开始了新闻工作。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述的是观看新闻可以有很多选择。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

    In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.

    Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in newsrooms. "Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are."

    Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, "You've a strict editor and you've to meet your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone's door. You just sit at your desk and do it."

    Another journalist says, "More clicks equal more money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in."

    In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, "Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity."

    And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret Sullivan. "Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication." Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors, "a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story". And, "if the story does turn out to be false, it's simply a chance for another bite at the cherry."

（1）According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________.

A.clicks count a lot

B.resources are limited

C.budgets are tight

D.journalists lack experience

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.Lies can't sell without something related to the truth.

B.Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.

C.Most people are easy to cheat by the false news online.

D.A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.

（3）What's Margaret Sullivan's attitude towards false news online?

A.Negative.

B.Supportive.

C.Skeptical.

D.Neutral.

（4）What is the best title of the passage?

A.Spread of false stories.

B.Causes of online false news.

C.Duties of journalists.

D.Relative laws needed to regulate the online news.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”可知Brooke Binkowski认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的“The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。与D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret Sullivan认为编辑一定要更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。由此可见他对网络虚假新闻是反对的，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

    The other day I was shopping at the local Chinese grocery store. There was a line at the fish counter, but only one staff person was there to take care of the customers. Some customers ordered quite an amount of fish for that staff person to work on. At last I was the second in line. All I wanted was a couple of crabs and should get out of there in no time.

    Noticing it was very busy at the fish counter, another staff person came over to help. I was ready to be served, but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snail (蜗牛). The customers in front of me, being served, turned around and looked at me sympathetically and the customer behind me called to the staff person, “You should start here,” pointing at me. He was, well, ignored.

    If someone asked me, "What is the most important rule to follow in America?" I would reply without hesitation. "Wait your turn at all times." Wherever you go here in this country, you will find people waiting in a line quietly to get anything: whether in the supermarkets, department stores, bus stops, or gas stations, it's just a matter of waiting your turn. In a larger sense, "wait your turn" is more than just a guideline — it is a very basic rule that reflects the fundamental value of the western cultures. But in some situations your turn does not always come based on when you get there and how long you have waited in line, just like my case at the store. Even though this did not often happen, it did make me feel upset.

（1）What happened to the author at the store?

A.He was ill-treated by a customer.

B.He wasn't served upon his order.

C.He was asked to be served later.

D.He was asked to do others a favor.

（2）What does the underlined word "this" in the last paragraph refer to?

A.His belief.

B.His culture.

C.His experience.

D.His rule.

（3）Why did the author write the text?

A.To emphasize his kindness to others.

B.To introduce some western cultures to us.

C.To express his belief and his feeling.

D.To show his disbelief in Queuing Rule.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排队很久，受到不公平待遇的经历，借此表现了西方文化的特点——要遵守次序，同时也表明了作者的感受和建议。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I was ready to be served, but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snail (蜗牛).”可知，我准备好了接受服务，但服务员走到了队尾给几个想买蜗牛的 女士提供了服务，因此轮到作者的次序时，作者并没有得到服务。故选B。

（2）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中的“But in some situations your turn does not always come based on when you get there and how long you have waited in line, just like my case at the store.”可知，在某些情况下，是否能轮到你的次序并不取决于你几点到这里、排了多久的队，就像作者的情况一样，因此“this”指代的是作者的亲身经历。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排了很久队却受到不公平待遇的经历。再根据最后一段中的“Even though this did not often happen, it did make me feel upset.”可知，作者认为这种经历并不经常发生，但仍使作者感到比较失望，表达了作者的想法和感受。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

    “Years ago when I was at the Grand Canyon, I remembered someone coming up to the canyon's edge, taking a shot with a camera and then walking away, like 'got it – done', barely even glancing at the magnificent scene in front of him,” Linda Henkel, a scientist at Fairfield University, US told Live Science.

    Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (痴迷的) people are with taking pictures these days - before dinner, during friends' birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.

    They keep taking pictures because they think that it helps record the moment, but as Henkel's latest study has just found out, this obsession may prevent their brains remembering what actually happened, reported The Guardian.

    In her study, Henkel led a group of college students around a museum and asked them to simply observe 15 objects and photograph 15 others. The next day the students' memory of the tour was tested, and the results showed that they were less accurate in recognizing the objects and they remembered fewer details about them if they photographed them.

    ''When people rely on technology to remember them — counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves, it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explained.

    But there is also an exception: if students zoomed in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved, and those who focused the lens (镜头) on a specific area could even recall parts that weren't in the frame.

    So basically, this study is saying that constantly taking pictures can harm your memory. But shouldn't reviewing pictures we have taken help wake up our memories? This is true, but only if we spend enough time doing it.

    “In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them,” Henkel told The Telegraph. However, previous research has shown that most people never take the time to look over their digital pictures simply because there are too many of them and they aren't usually very organized on their computers.

（1）Why did the author mention Henkel's trip to the Grand Canyon at the beginning?

A. To complain about some tourists' bad habits.         B. To give suggestions on how to enjoy one's tour.

C. To point out people's obsession with taking pictures.         D. To describe the beautiful view of the Grand Canyon.

（2）What can we learn from Henkel's study?

A. Reviewing pictures always helps people bring back memories easily.         B. Taking pictures in a museum tour helps students recognize objects better.

C. People should spend more time taking pictures than studying real objects.         D. Pictures focusing on the details of objects probably improve people's memories.

（3）The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to “________”.

A. the camera                       B. technology                       C. the event                       D. an object

（4）What is the article mainly about?

A. People's obsession with taking pictures and its influence.         B. Possible ways of using pictures to improve one's memory.

C. Great harm to memory caused by taking pictures constantly.         D. A believable study into the negative impact of lining cameras often.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人们都有拍照的喜好，拍照有助于我们记忆。但是如果我们只是简单地记录下来，而不去欣赏的话，也就没有什么意义，还不如不去拍照。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (着迷的) people are with taking pictures these days – before dinner, during friends birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.”可知，在文中提到Henkel对人们执迷于拍照的惊讶，以此来说明一种现象：人们执迷于拍照的现象。故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But there is also an exception: if students zoomed (缩放) in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved”可知，在拍照时，如果只关注某个细节，可能有助于他们记忆的提高。故选D。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“When people rely on technology to remember them 一 counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves” 前面说人们要依靠技术来记住它们时，要依靠照相机来记录事件，那么就完全不需要关注这个事件了。可知，本句是说如果你要用相机来记录事件，就不需要来关注这个它（事件）。故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述现代人痴迷于拍照，是因为拍照有助于记录某一时刻，但不利于他们的记忆。如果放大拍摄对象或拍下来后再欣赏的话就有助于记忆或回忆。即本文主要介绍痴迷拍照及其影响。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

    It is that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It's not because there are a lot of criminals running around stealing cars. Rather, it's because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year's large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini（西葫芦）.

    My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had eaten and canned so many that they began to feel their skin turn slightly red. That's when she decided it was time to share her blessings. She started calling everyone she knew. When that failed, she began to ask everyone in the neighborhood like a politician, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. "Feel free to take whatever you want," Sharon told her. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn't go to waste.

    A few days later, Sharon answered the door. There was the neighbor, holding some bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, "I want to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to admit that I took a few other things and hope you wouldn't mind."

    Sharon couldn't think of anything else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said no. "Oh, but you did," the neighbor said. "You had some of the prettiest zucchini I've ever seen."

    Sharon was confused. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn't even plated any zucchini. But her neighbor insisted that there really were bright-green zucchini in her garden. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, "Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning."

    The neighbor looked at Sharon, shock written all over her face. Then she smiled, and held out the bread that she had shared all over the neighborhood, "I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it."

（1）Why does the author suggest that people in the neighborhood should lock their cars?

A. They might be stolen by thieves.                  B. They night be moved away by the police.

C. Their neighbors might fill them with their harvest.          D. Their neighbors might throw rubbish in them.

（2）What does the underlined word "blessings" in the second paragraph mean?

A. tomatoes.                   B. belongings.                   C. helpful things.                   D. best wishes.

（3）What did the neighbor do in Sharon's garden?

A. She harvest tomatoes only.                             B. She harvested zucchini by accident.

C. She took some cucumbers mistakenly.             D. She stole something without Sharon's permission.

（4）We can infer from the article that the neighbors bread would taste ________.

A. bitter but tasty          B. strange and bitter          C. hard and sour          D. soft and sweet.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者的妯娌邀请一位邻居去她家菜园里随便采摘西红柿和其他喜欢的蔬菜，而邻居在菜园里却错误地把老黄瓜当作了西葫芦，并且她用这个材料做成了面包拿来和邻居一块分享。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Rather, it's because of the good-hearted neighbors who want to share their harvest. Especially with this year's large crop, leaving a car unlocked in my neighborhood is an invitation for someone to stuff it full of zucchini（西葫芦）.”可知作者建议附近的人们锁上自己的车是因为他们的邻居可能往车里填自己的收成，故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes.”可知That's when she decided it was time to share her blessings.意思是她觉得是时候与别人分享自己的西红柿了，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据由倒数第二段的“Sharon smiled, ‘Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.’”可知邻居在Sharon的菜园里错误地采摘了一些黄瓜，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ When the neighbor pointed at the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled, "Well, actually, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning."以及最后一段中的“ I brought you a loaf of cucumber bread. I hope you like it."可推知用苦涩的黄瓜做的面包味道自然是奇怪的和苦的,故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

    When a dog looks at you with big puppy-dog eyes, it's hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “Awww” without hesitation. However, there's a reason why you find a dogs stare so attractive. That sweet stare actually causes the release of a particular hormone, or chemical messenger in the body. This hormone creates feelings of affection in humans. The same thing happens to dogs when people look back at them. Scientists believe this helps people and their four-legged friends bond, or feel connected. Scientists have wondered what causes dogs to lovingly stare at their owners. To find out, a team of researchers from Azabu University in Japan studied 30 owners and their dogs.

    The researchers found that after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both showed a rise in oxytocin (催产素). One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding, like that between a mother and newborn. The increase of oxytocin didn't happen, though, when scientists repeated the experiment with wolves and the humans who had raised them.

    A second experiment also found that if dogs were given oxytocin, they looked at their owners longer. Scientists aren't sure exactly why, but this reaction occurred only with female dogs. Their owners oxytocin levels also rose as a result.

    The result of these experiments might help answer an age-old question: How did the fearsome wolf ancestor of modern dogs turn into man's best friend? Takefumi Kikusui, an animal scientist who worked on the study, thinks that the change happened when dogs first became domestic (驯养的).

    According to Kikusui, there may have been a small group of wild dogs that were naturally friendlier. “Humans are very sensitive to eye contact. By using this special communication tool, the dogs are able to win over our hearts. If they are more likely to make eye contact, it would be easier for them to bond with dog owners,” Kikusui said.

（1）According to Paragraph 1, people say “Awww” to           .

A. make the dog stare at them                            B. express their love for the dogs

C. draw the dogs' attention away                       D. warn the dogs not to approach them

（2）According to the passage, oxytocin can         .

A. reduce animals pain of giving birth                B. motivate animals desires to protect others

C. help animals to develop a better relationship          D. enable animals to survive more easily from dangers

（3）The underlined words the change in Paragraph 4 refer to that      .

A. dogs became friends with humans                 B. wolves begin to bond with humans

C. dogs and wolves are best friends                   D. dogs were domesticated by humans

（4）What's the purpose of the passage?

A. To call on humans to be friendly to dogs.          B. To give advice on how to get along with dogs.

C. To introduce the evolution process of wild dogs.          D. To explain why humans and dogs are connected.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。本文主要叙述科学家解开了狗与人类的关系为何演变成今日如此这般和谐的原因之谜。

（1）推理判断题。第一段开头When a dog looks at you with big puppy-dog eyes, it's hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “Awww” without hesitation. However, there's a reason why you find a dogs stare so attractive.当狗看着你，你毫不犹豫地说“Awww”，不愿意离开。这是因为你觉得狗的注意力很有吸引力，狗吸引了你，说明你爱狗。故答案选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段开头的…after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both showed a rise in oxytocin (催产素). One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding, …宠物和主人在一起半个小时，人与狗身上的催产素就会增加了。这种激素在许多动物中的关键作用就是促进关系。说明，催产系可以帮助动物加强联系，提升关系。故答案选C。

（3）推理判断题。第三、四两段给狗催产素，它们注视主人时间更长。但是只有母狗会如此，所以给狗催产素后，狗的反应不一样。这些实验的结果可能有助于解决一个古老的问题：现代狗的可怕狼祖先是如何变成人类最好的朋友的？从事这项研究的动物科学家Takefumi Kikusui认为，这种变化就是狗最初成为家畜时发生的变化。由此可推断出，这种变化就是狗由令人害怕的狼祖先变成人类最好的朋友。分析选项可知，故答案选A。

（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文解释了狗与人类的关系如何演变成今天的如此和谐的朋友关系的原因。分析选项可知D项（解释人类和狗连系的原因）符合题意，故答案选D。

【点评】阅读理解题主旨大意及段落大意解题技巧：

位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。

位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。

位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。

首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。

9．阅读理解

    Weaving hammocks is an art that takes a sharp eye, a skilled hand and lots of patience. But in Lenwood Haddock's case, being blind works to his advantage. His trained, sensitive hands are acutely aware of every step of the process. Since beginning his craft in 1986, Lenwood has woven about 145, 000 perfect hammocks.

    Lenwood lost his sight in 1973, at age 18, during a hunting accident. “My whole working career has been blind,” he says. He first found a job as a woodworker, but when that organization closed, the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks. On his first day of work. “I did a total of one hammock,” Lenwood recalls, laughing. “And then I came home and lay down to sleep. I lift weights, but I wasn't as tough as I thought until I started weaving.lt takes a lot of energy, and you're standing up all day.”

    In time, however, Lenwood found he had a knack (窍门) for the job. At first he worked on-site at the company, but after a year Lenwood moved his operation to the home workshop where he had worked for 10 years during his woodworking days.

    There, he creates dozens of hammocks each week from ropes in a variety of sizes. One day, he realized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving his shop.

    The process of weaving a hammock involves making and catching hundreds of loops (环). A single missed stitch (织针) creates a hole that can widen and make the hammock uncomfortable or even dangerous to use. Experienced weavers miss loops sometimes, but to his company's knowledge, Lenwood has never turned in a hammock with even one dropped stitch. Lenwood's skilled fingers are quick to catch and fix any mistakes.

    The company has acquired other brands and changed its name to The Hammock Source. Today, it is the world's largest maker and seller of hammocks, all built by hand.

    However, Lenwood's routine has changed little. He works his fingers back and forth across the rows, looping the rope and pulling it. With every hammock, Lenwood presents himself a perfect product. “I'm not sure how sighted people do it,” he admits.

（1）Lenwood stopped doing his first job because       .

A. it was for people with good eyesight only         B. the company failed to go on with its business

C. the company didn't produce hammocks         D. he was not skilled at doing woodwork

（2）It can be learned from the passage that Lenwood       .

A. has been blind all through his life                  B. used to work as a hunter to support his family

C. was born in the 1950s with good eyesight         D. has worked as a hammock weaver for 10 years

（3）What can we learn about Lenwood from the 4th paragraph?

A. He moved very often while he was working on a hammock.         B. He had to make different ropes before he wove a hammock.

C. He had to stay 8 miles away from the worksite to complete it.         D. He needed ropes of about 8 miles long to complete a hammock.

（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. the success of the Hammock Source Company         B. a blind craftsman who makes perfect hammocks

C. how to weave perfect hammocks by hand         D. how to become a successful craftsman

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，因故双目失明的美国人Lenwood，用其训练有素，敏感的双手创造编织吊床的奇迹。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He first found a job as a woodworker, but when that organization closed, the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks.”可知，Lenwood十八岁时失明，后来找到第一份工作，但他所在的organization closed，虽没说具体原因，但没有再继续经营下去，故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。 根据第二段中的“Lenwood lost his sight in 1973, at age 18,”Lenwood在1973年十八岁时失明推算出来的，也说明在（1973-18=1955）1955年之前他的眼睛是好的。故选C。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ he realized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving his shop.”可知， Lenwood所用的计步器显示，他在店里织吊床总共来回行走8英里，由此可推断出他在工作时经常走动。所以选A。

(4)考查主旨大意。全文讲述了一位双目失明的工人Lenwood，凭借自己的训练有素、敏感的双手敏锐地捕捉到编织吊床过程的每一步，编织中过程甚至是经验丰富的织工也会出错，而Lenwood展示了一个个完美的吊床产品，创造了吊床编织的奇迹。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生在准确捕捉细节信息的同时，需要根据上下文，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

    The Women's Institute is urging supermarkets to do more to help consumers reduce their home food waste, after a survey of its own membership showed widespread confusion about “best before” and “use by” labeling(标签) on packaging.

    Its new analysis of products on supermarket shelves found that “once-opened” instructions were often contradictory and often failed to make clear whether they were a guide to food safety or quality. Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety.

    In its report on food waste, the WI said supermarkets were “potentially contributing to home food waste by leading customers to buy more food than they need, and giving conflicting and confusing on-pack information that leaves customers unsure about how long a product remains safe to eat in the home setting”. The 42-page report is part of the WI's ongoing campaign to reduce food waste. To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites(引用) a can of Sainsbury's own-brand sweetcorn advising consumers to eat it within one day of opening, while a similar tin from Waitrose gave consumers two days to finish it. Green Giant sweetcorn, however, has no specified date for eating once opened.

    Marylyn Haines Evans, chair of the Women's Institute's public affairs said: “WI members are some of the more informed members of society about food and cookery, but they are still confused about food labelling and 'once-opened' information. So we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of time that consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent, and completely remove once-opened instructions on products where food safety is not an issue.”

（1）What mainly leads to food waste according to WI?

A. Poor quality of food.                            B. Attractive packaging of products.

C. Competition among supermarkets.    D. Consumers' confusion about on-pack information.

（2）Which of the following can inform you of food safety?

A.                                          B. 

C.                                           D. 

（3）Why are the three supermarkets mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A. To attract more consumers.                            B. To compare their products.

C. To comment on their service.                          D. To make WI's report convincing.

（4）What does Evans suggest supermarkets do about reducing food waste?

A. Extend life of a product.                                  B. Turn to well-informed WI members.

C. Give consistent once-opened instructions.    D. Remove instructions on product packaging.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了妇女机构强烈建议超市采取帮助消费者减少食物浪费的措施，比如延长消费者在家中使用产品的时间，使他们所有曾经打开的关于产品包装的说明一致。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段"Only 45% of 5,000 WI members surveyed understood that best-before dates were a sign of food quality, while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety."可知，消费者对于食品包装上信息的混淆是导致食物浪费的原因。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段"while 26% did not understand that the more important use-by dates were a decisive guide to food safety."可知，use by信息才是食品安全的决定性指导因素。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段"To underline the point about conflicting information, it cites(引用) a can of Sainsbury's own-brand sweetcorn"可知，引用超市的例子是为了更好的说明这一问题，即使文章更具说服力。故选D。

（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段"we would like supermarkets to extend the amount of time that consumers have to use a product in their homes by making all of their once-opened instructions on product packaging consistent,"可知，为了减少食物浪费，超市可通过使包装带上的信息一致来达到这一目的。故选C。

高考英语阅读理解技巧和方法完整版及练习题