环境工程专业英语课文翻译

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14.Whatisphysical-chemicaltreatment(什么是物理化学处理)
Someconjectureexistsastoaprecisedefinitionforphysical-chemicaltreatment(有人推测物理化学处理以一个确切的定义存在Althoughothersystemsmightbeconsidered,theonlyonediscussedhereischemicalclarificationfollowedbydissolvedorganicremoval.(虽然其他系统可能会考虑,在这里讨论的只有一个是化学澄清,然后溶解有机物的去除。Thefirststageoftreatmentisdesignedtoprovideefficientsuspendedandcolloidalsolidremovalalongwithphosphorusremoval;thesecondoperationremovesalargepercentageofthedissolvedorganicmatter.(一阶段的处理目的是为市民提供暂性的高效率和胶体的固体去除附着的磷;第二阶段是消除了大比例的溶解有机质Atypicalflowdiagramofthisbasicsystemisshowninfigure14-1.(这一基本制度的一个典型流程图表现在figure14-1。)
Anumberofvariationsexistforthesetwooperations.Intheclarificationsteptherearetwoprimaryconsiderations:thechoiceofchemicalstobeusedandthechoiceofphysicalequipment.(这两个操作存在一些变异。在澄清这一步,有两个主要因素:选择使用的化学物和选择物理设备。Essentially,thechemicaloptionsarelimitedtoalum,limeorironsaltswithorwithoutpolymeraddition.(基本上,化学选择是有限的,以明矾,石灰或铁盐或无聚合物除。)Inthechoiceofphysicalequipment,conventionalmixing,flocculationandsolidsseparationmustbeevaluatedversussolids-contactsystems.Thesolidsseparationprocessintheconventionalsequencecanconsistofconventionalsedimentation,flotationorhighratesedimentation.Inaddition,afiltrationstepmaybeincludedforimprovedsolidsremoval.(在选择常规混合,絮凝和固体分离的实物设备,必须进行评估与固体接触式系统。固体分离的过程中,传统的序列可以是非常规沉淀,气浮或高利率沉淀。此外,在过滤步骤,可包括为改进固体去除。
Inthedissolvedorganicremovalstepthechoicedaregenerallylimitedtoeithergranularorpowderedactivatedcarbonadsorption.However,otherprocessessuchasozonationhavealsobeenproposedforthispurpose.thechoiceofagranularactivatedcarbon(GACdesignrequiresdecisionsconcerningseriesorparalledcontacting,pressureorgravityvesselsandupflowordownflowoperaton.Powderedactivatedcaron(PACdesignsprimarillyinvolvethechoicesbetweensingle-stageandtwo-stagecountercurrentcontacting.(在溶解有机物的去除步骤,有选择一般仅限于要么颗粒状或粉末活性炭吸附。然而,其他一些程序,如臭氧,也有人建议,为这个目的,选择一种粒状活性炭(GAC)的设计需要决定串联或并联接触,压力或重力船只和上流式或下行行动中。粉状活性卡伦(委员会)设计,主要涉及选择单阶段和两阶段逆流接触
Inadditiontothesebasicoperations,provisionscanbeincludedfornitrogenremovalbyammoniastripping,ionexchangeorbreakpointchlorination.(除了这些基本操作规定,可以纳入为脱氮氨吹脱,离子交换或断点加氯。)Otherunitprocessedmayalsobeaddedtothebasicsysteminordertoprovideforthespecificrequirmentsofanyapplication.(其他单位处理,也可添加到基本制度,为了提供具体所需的任何申请。Forexample,desinfectionorfinalfiltrationstepsmaybedesirableinmanylocations.(举例来说,消毒或过滤的最后步骤,在许多地点可能是可取的。Ofcourse,thetreatmentanddisposalofthesludgefromtheclarificationstep,theregenerationofspentactvatedcarbonandmanagementofbackwashstreamsrepresentsomeoftheadditionaldesignconsiderations.(当然,,从澄清一步处理及处置污泥,再生废活性炭和管理的反冲溪流代表的部分额外的设计考虑。


环境工程专业英语课文翻译

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