定语从句考点分析

定义

定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

关系副词与关系代词的区别。

先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词，关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。如果充当状语，就用关系副词引导定语从句；如果充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。

This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.

This is the school that Mr. Cheng set up ten years ago.

I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.

I will never forget the day that I spent with Mr. Qin

That was the reason that he gave me yesterday.

That was the reason why he gave me a note yesterday.

考点一、That与which区别

1、在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词只用that

（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。

（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything、everything等不定代词时。

（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。

He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.

（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?

2、只用which的情况

（1）在非限制性定语从句中 Mary has a book, which is very precious.

（2）在关系词前有介词时 This is a house in which lives an old man.

（3）当先行词本身是that时 That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

（4）当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。

Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.

考点二、介词与关系代词连用

要看两点：一看先行词前需要什么介词，二看定语从句的谓语动词后需要什么介词。最简单的方式就是将定语从句还原成一个独立的句子，结果就一目了然。如：

1、The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （定语从句还原就是：The bridge is supposed to be built at the place. 这样就可以判断引导词需要介词at。也可以看先行词the place前需要介词at进行判断。）

2、I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction from which she had come.（从句还原就是：She had come from the direction，所以定语从句用from which 引导。）

3、There was a single person in the street to whom she turned for help.(从定语从句的谓语动词turn可构成词组turn to sb. for help就可以判断应该填to whom。)

4、The man about whom I talked just now is from Beijing University.(根据定语从句的谓语动词talk判断后需要of或about，因此此处需要about/of whom)

考点三、 where 的用法

1.如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, website ,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，且在定语从句中做状语，常用where 或in which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。

1. We are trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.

2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?---Yes, there’s one point which/that we must insist on .

考点四、as 与which的区别

1、关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。

Such books as you bought are useful.

The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.

▲ ①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句，that 在从句中不充当句子成分

They are such lovely children that we love them much　

②the same … that … 引导定语从句。

I want to use the same tool that you used just now.

（2）无先行词的非限制性定语从句用as和which引导。

区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。

②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。

As is known, the earth is round, not flat.

2、 as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。

as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末；which 引导的定于从句一般只位于句末。

as引导的定语从句常与know, see, report, say, expect, announce等动词连用；which引导的这类定语从句时常作实意动词的主语，当它引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或结果关系时，一般用which。

As we all know ,China is a country with a long history.

China is a country with a long history, as is known to us all.

Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother very angry.

as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

▲ which 代表整个句子，还可用于in which case（如果是那样/这样的话）, at which point（就在那时）, on which occasion等。

I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone you.

我可能得晚点下班，那样我会给你打电话的

3、 当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面时，引导词只能用as，而不用which。如：

As is planned, we got there before eight.

考点五 Whose 用法及转换形式

1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。

That’s the child whose father is a teacher.

2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。

Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.

3. whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同，

即whose+名词=the +n + of which=of which + the + n.

He lives in the room whose window faces south.

= He lives in the room, faces south.

考点六、从句中的主谓一致

当定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致

如：

1. Tom is the only one of the workers in our company who has won a nation-wide fame.(汤姆是我们公司唯一一个赢得国家荣誉的工人。先行词为the only one。)

2. Tom is one of the workers in our company who have won nation-wide fames.(汤姆是我们公司赢得国家荣誉的工人之一。先行词为the workers。)

3. I, who am your friend for ever, will never turn against you. (我，你永远的朋友，永远也不会背叛你。先行词为I。)

考点七 限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?  李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.  对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
All that can be done has been done.  所有能做的都做好了。
There is little that I can do for you.  我不能为你干什么。
He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.  他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.  任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.  所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.  在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen.  这是我看过的最好的电影。
4．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.  这正是我要买的词典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.  家里发生了火灾过后，那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.  王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。
5．当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Who is the man that is standing by the gate?  站在门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?  哪件T恤衫最合我的身？
6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school  他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.　瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的 毛驴。　

1. They are talking about things and persons ___ they knew when they were young.

A. that B. which C. who D. whom

2. This is the man ___ last night.

A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw

C. which I saw D. who I saw him

3. The seventeenth century was one ___ many advances were made in science.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

4. We travelled together as far as Chicago, ___ we parted.

A. when B. which C. why D. where

5. The reason ___ I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday.

A. because B. why C. for D. as

6. Author Edith Wharton thoroughly understood the society ___.

A. she had grown up in it B. which had she grown up in

C. she had grown up D. in which she had grown up

7. This is one of the best books ___.

A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written

C. that has written D. that have written

8. The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.

A. when B. where C. which D. that

9. Which of the two cows ___ you keep produces more milk?

A. that B. which C. whom D. what

10. He met my brother, from ___ he got the news of my marriage.

A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

11. Would you please put the book ___ it belongs?

A. to whom B. to which C. into which D. where

12. Do you remember the name of the company ___?

A. where she works at B. in which she works

C. for which she works in D. in where she works

13. This is the most difficult book ___.

A. what I have read it B. which I have read it

C. I have read D. I have read it

14. The last place ___ was the Science Museum.

A. we visited B. where we visited

C. which we visited D. we went

15. All ___ you have to do is to press the button.

A. what B. which C. for that D. that

16. Her opinion is the same ___ her mother’s.

A. that B. as C. than D. like

17. Peter lives in the room ___ window opens to the south.

A. whose B. that C. which D. /

18. Did she tell you anything ___ had happened to her?

A. it B. that C. what D. which

19. I’ll never forget the days ___ we spent together five year ago.

A. which B. when C. where D. how

20. July 1, 1921 was the day ___ the Communist Party of China was founded.

A. that B. on which C. which D. on that

21. The place __ interest the children most is the Children’s Palace.

A. what B. that C. where D. in which

22. I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is

23. The brave man, ___ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.

A. of whom B. by that C. by whom D. by which

24. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ___ he could see what was going on inside the house.

A. on which B. at which C. through which D. in which

25. This is the girl ___ I believe was the driver of the car.

A. who B. whom C. in whom 　 D. /

26. My hometown is no longer the same ___ it used to be.

A. like B. that C. as D. which

27. You can take any seat ___ is free.

A. in which B. that C. where D. on which

28. She hasn’t got enough money ___ to buy the rings.

A. for which B. with which C. that D. which

29. I’ve read all the books ___ were borrowed from the library.

A. they B. where C. / D. that

30. Is oxygen the only gas ___ helps fire burn?

A. it B. which C. / D. that

31. The Second World War ___ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.

A. on which B. where C. in that D. during which

32. Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home?
A. what   B. why   C. that   D. which
33. It’s one of the most important meetings ___ these years.
A. that has been held        B. which has been held
C. that have been held        D. which have held
34. Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well.
A. in front of it           B. in front of whose
C. in front of which       D. in the front of which
35. I’ll never. forget the day ___ I joined the League.
A. on which   B. which   C. in which   D. at which
36. She showed her new watch to my wife, ___ was kept in a box.
A. who   B. which   C. that   D. it
37. She had three sons, all ___ became doctors.
A. who    B. whose    C. of which    D. of whom
38. This is the new type of plane ___ parts are made of plastics.
A. that    B. what    C. which    D. whose
39. ___ is known to all, China is a developing country, belonging to the third world.
A. It    B. That    C. As    D. Which
40. Is this the leaning tower ___ Galileo did experiments centuries ago?
A. that   B. where   C. which    D. when
41. Mont Blanc ___ we visited last summer is the highest mountain in Europe.
A. where    B. that    C. what    D. which
42. Those ___ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn    B. who    C. that learns    D. who learn
43. Didn’t you see the man ___?
A. I nodded just now         B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now      D. I nodded to just now
44. Have you seen the girl ___?
A. that I told               B. I told you of
C. whom I told you         D. I told you of him
45. Can you lend me the novel___ the other day?

A. that you talked B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with D. you talked about

46. Who ___ has common sense will do such a thing?

A. which B. who C. whom D. that

47. This is the biggest laboratory ___ we have every built in our school.

A. which B. what C. where D. /

48. Is there anything ___ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs

49. Please pass me the dictionary ___ cover is black.

A. which B. which of C. its D. whose

50. Is this the museum ___ you visited the other day?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

51. How do you like the book? It’s quite different from ___ I read last month.

A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what

52. Which sentence is wrong?

A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.

B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?

C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.

D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.

53. Antarctic ___ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which B. where C. that D. about which

54. May the fourth is the day ___ we Chinese people will never forget.

A. which B. when C. on which D. about which

55. October 1, 1945 is the day ___ the People’s Republic of China was founded.

A. which B. when C. that D. on that

56. A steel plant is a place ___ I am longing to visit these years.

A. that B. where C. in which D. to where

57. This is just the place ___ am longing to visit these years.

A. that B. where C. in which D. to where

58. The hotel ___ during our holidays stands by the seaside.

A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at

C. we stayed D. in that we stayed

59. He is not ___ a fool ___.

A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks

C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks

60. He has two sons, ___ work as chemists.

A. two of whom B. both of whom

C. both of which D. all of whom

1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.

A. running; that B. run; who 　　C. running; who D. run; that

2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.

A. when B. where 　C. that D. on which

3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how

4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .

A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to

C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him

5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?

—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.

A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose

6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.

A. when B. that C. what D. which

7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.

A. when B. where C. which D. whose

8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.

A. which B. where C. when D. what

9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.

A. which B. what C. that D. when

10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become

widespread in China’s vast countryside.

A. as B. when C. until D. before

11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.

A. It B. As C. Which D. What

12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.

A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that

13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.

A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which

14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.

A. that B. what C. which D. as

15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.

A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes

C. all their homes D. all of their homes

16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.

A. who B. when C. on which D. which

17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?

A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where

18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.

A. when B. that C. who D. where

19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.

A. that B. as C. which D. and

20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same

III. 参考答案：

1. A 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B

11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. B 19 A

20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. B

29. D 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. C 34. C 35. A 36. B 37.D

38. D 39. C 40. B 41. D 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. D

47. D 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. B

56. A 57. A 58. A 59. B 60. B

答案与解析：

1. A. 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。

2. B. 因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与in which相当。

3. A. 因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。

4. B. 答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。

5. C. 因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose

telephone number。

6. D. 因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。

7. B. 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。

8. B. 因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。

9. C. 因为当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。

10. 因为先行词是the time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。

11. B. 先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which没有，所以用as。顺便说说，原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is…= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is…

12. A. 两空都是考查定语从句，先行词分别是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the

day在定语从句中作状语，用when引导；后句是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，要用which。

13. A. 因为替代不可数名词 (the bread) 只能用that，排除B和D；又因为先行词that (the bread)

在定语从句中作buy的宾语，用which，所以选A。

14. D. 当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时，由as引导，并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语，as在此题中作dream of的宾语。注意：在表示“如此…以致…”的such /so…that…结构中，that不作任何句子成份。

15. B. 考查非限制性定语从句，all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的房子。

16. D. 因为先行词是前面整个句子，且在从句中作主语，所以用which。of course是插入语。

17. D. 将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is…显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。

18. A. 因为先行词是the days，并在定语从句中作状语。

19. B. 当先行词前有so时，用as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语或宾语。假若在lift后加上it，答案就是that了，请想想这是为什么。

20. C. 因前后均的句子，必须要选连词，排除B和D；又因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从句，所以选C。during which time在那段时间里。

高考英语定语从句考点分析 及练习