中华人民共和国海事局

2001年第2期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题（总第27期）

科目：轮机英语 试卷代号：805

适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮

（本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间100分钟）

答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分，第79题至80题，每题10分。

一．单项选择题

1． The term '___' refers to one complete sequence of operations required to produce power in an engine．

A． diesel engine B． stroke C． cycle D． compression ratio

2． Fuels of high quality with their earlier ignitions will cause higher ___ pressure in cylinders of a diesel engine．

A． compression B． maximum C． rated D． oil

3． It is necessary to remove _____ from the cooling water spaces to improve heat transfer．

A． lime B． frost C． scar D． scale

4． The function of a lubricating oil is ___ to lubricate the running surface ___ to carry away a great deal of heat．

A． not/but B． neither/nor C． either/or D． not only/but also

5． Each crank is made up of two crank webs joined by a common ___ to which the bottom end bearing is fitted．

A． throw B． crankshaft C． crankpin D． crosshead

6． Increasing differential pressure of an oil filter indicates that ___．

A． it is dirty B． it is leaky C． it has been renewed D． all the above

7． On opposite ends of a single shaft of a turboblower are a gas driven ___ and a air compressor, which are sealed each other．

A． charge air receiver B． scavenging air belt

C． turbine D． air cooler

8． The diesel engine must be started before it can run by itself． For this purpose ___ has to be used．

A． a starting system B． the starting air

C． a starting operation D． A, B and C

9． The compressed air is supplied by ___ to the air reservoirs．

A． compressors B． forced fans C． ventilators D． generators

10．A governor automatically controls engine speed by regulating ___ ．

A． firing order B． fuel supply C． engine load D． oil level

11．An overspeed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for ___ in the event of overspeed．

A． braking the crankshaft B． increasing the fuel pump setting

C． cutting power off the engine D． stabilizing the ship speed

12．A reduction in load on a diesel engine results in ___ of speed of the crankshaft．

A． an increase B． a reduction C． an outing D． a downwards

13．Through a ___ pump, the liquid is transferred from the suction to the discharge by the mechanical variation of the volume of a chamber or chambers．

A． positive displacement B． ejector

C． centrifugal D． air compressor

14．Gear pumps are of positive displacement type pumps because they discharge a near constant amount of liquid ___ pressure．

A． depending on B． regardless of

C． in relative to D． because of

15．The pressure head of a pump is given in the unit of ___．

A． kg B． Mpa C． meter fluid column D． None of the above is true．

16．The discharge flow of a reciprocating pump is ___．

A． steady B． in pulsation C． continuous D． large

17．The amount of fluid delivered by a screw pump can be regulated by ___．

A． throttling the pressure line B． changing the speed of the rotor

C． either A or B D． None of the above is true．

18．A Screw pump belongs to ___ according to its working principle．

A． reciprocating pumps B． positive displacement pumps

C． centrifugal pumps D． centripetal pumps

19．The furnace of a oil fired boiler should be ___ before the operating burner is lit．

A． filled with water B． purged

C． cleared of air D． None of the above is true．

20．The donkey boiler may be given a bottom blow ___．

A． to raise water level B． when fire are secured

C． to remove scum D． only while making steam

21．The water level in a steaming auxiliary boiler will always ___．

A． rise when the steam pressure is increased

B． remain constant as long as the feed pump operates

C． vary as the steam demand changes

D． fall when the steam pressure is decreased

22．If in doubt as to the true water level when a boiler is being oilfired, you should ___．

A． extinguish the fire as soon as possible

B． take no measures

C． feed water to the boiler

D． open the blow down valve

23．You should frequently compare drum-mounted and remote-reading water level indicators． ___ between these have contributed to failures because of overheating through shortage of water, when a boiler was being oil-fired．

A． Descriptions B． Deflections

C． Different D． Discrepancies

24．In a ___ boiler the water flows through the inside of the tubes while the hot gases pass around the outside．

A． water-tube B． fire-tube C． exhaust gas D． none of the above

25．The bilge main is arranged to drain any watertight compartment ______ ballast, oil or water tanks and to discharge the contents overboard．

A． rather than B． other than C． in addition that D． except for

26．Emulsification of oil will occur when mixed with ___．

A． water B． black oil C． ice cream D． air

27．When started, a complete oily water separating unit is first filled ___．The oily water mixture is then pumped through the inlet pipe into the coarse separating compartment．

A． by oily water B． by mixed water

C． with clean water D． with dirty water

28．A high rate of separation between oil and water is favored by ___．

A． large size of oil globule B． low temperature

C． high viscosity D． high flow rate

29．For many years marine centrifuges were designed for ___ operation, that is the machines were run for a period during which solids accumulated in the bowl．The machine was stopped when the accumulated solids began to impair its performance．

A． purifying B． long period C． batch D． temporary

30．For a purifier, changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interface towards the ___．

A． lower surface B． upper surface

C． bowl periphery D． bowl center

31．Among the basic categories of equipment, which of the following are used to allow the hydraulic energy to be controlled?

A． valves B． hydraulic pumps

C． hydraulic cylinders D． hydraulic motors

32．External and internal leakage in hydraulic systems may be caused by ___．

A． unusual vibration B． excessive worn parts

C． abnormal pressure D． any of the above

33．The crane is usually mounted on a pedestal to offer adequate ___ to the operator．

A． time B． space C． length D． visibility

34．When in operation, it is unavoidable that a small amount of oil ___ through leakage, and in order to compensate for these leaks the system is connected to a feed pump．

A．escapes B．overheats C．expands D．accelerates

35．___ are play a very important part in hydraulic systems by preventing interaction between different parts of the hydraulic circuit．

A． check valves B． motors

C． safety valves D． reducing valve

36．___ are used to handle anchors and chains．

A． cargo winches B． mooring winches

C． windlasses D． cargo hatches

37．Because of the reduced ___ in the vacuum boiling evaporator, some of the sea water boils as it flows through the tubes．

A． temperature B． water level

C． pressure D． rate of flow

38．With a vacuum boiling evaporator, the remainder of sea water fed to the evaporator is pumped out by ___．

A． distillate pump B． an air ejector

C． a feed pump D． a brine pump

39．When a vacuum boiling evaporator works, the hot jacket water will pass over the tube stack and ___ the sea water passing through the tubes．

A． dispose B． dissolve C． heat D． dissipates

40．The primary task of the compressed air system is to deliver the starting air necessary for ___．

A． starting the M．E．

B． starting the emergency electric alternator

C． driving the main turbine

D． driving the turbocharger

41．When distilling salt water the cooling water discharging from the distiller is fed back to evaporator as feed water ___．

A． to cut down the amount of cooling water needed

B． to prevent an excess amount of cooling water from being discharged to the bilges

C． to supply hot water to the evaporator for more economical operation

D． None of the above is true

42．The evaporating pressure in R22 vapor compression refrigeration plant should be ___ atmospheric．

A． below B． much larger than C． equal to D． above

43．A fluid coil will ___ large quantities of heat when it changes state from a liquid to a vapor．

A． release B． regenerate C． develop D． absorb

44．In the process of ___,liquid changes into gas．

A． evaporation B． frosting C． condensing D． compressing

45．In a refrigeration plant the ___ need defrosting．

A． fan B． compressor C． condenser D． evaporator

46．The latent heat of evaporation is dissipated in the ___ in a compression refrigeration system．

A． evaporator B． condenser C． expansion valve D． compressor

47．The staring current of an a．c． motor is ___ the rated current．

A． the same as B． much larger than C． less than D． equals

48．The overcurrent relay ___ the motor contactor when the motor exceeds its rated current ．

A． trips B． connects C． fouls D． destructs

49．The operation of paralleling two alternators requires the voltages to be ___ and also in phase．

A． zero B． eliminated C． different D． equal

50．With a ___ load the voltage and current are in phase．

A． capacitive B． purely resistance C． inductive D． none of the above

51．Oil mist detectors are usually used on board to detect oil mist density within ___ ．

A． the engine crankcase B． the engine scavenge boxes

C． drain tanks D． fuel tanks

52．The viscosity regulator controls the fuel oil temperature _____ provide oil at the correct viscosity for combustion．

A． in order that B． because of C． in order to D． owing to

53．The main generators are connected to ___ ．

A． distribution boards B． section boards

C． emergency switch boards D． main switch boards

54．The ___ is a crystal which, under pressure, produces an electric current which varies with the pressure．

A． alternator B． glass thermometer

C． piezoelectric pressure transducer D． burdon tube

55．The operating medium for control systems may be ___．

A． compressed air B． hydraulic oil

C． electricity D． all of the above

56．The crankcase can not be opened ___ the parts have been cooled down．

A． if B． as C． when D． unless

57．With UMS, when the engine room is unwatched ___ will control the main engine．

A． the bridge officer on watch B． the chief engineer

C． the duty engineer D． the duty motorman

58．___ systems are provided with a stand-by device which will automatically be put in use in the even of the running device failing through a fault condition．

A． Alarm B． Monitoring

C． Auto start-up D． None of the above

59．______control system is one in which the control action is independent of the output．

A． Feed back B． Negative feed back C． Close loop D． Open loop

60．The piston rings if found worn out ___ and supplied by shipchandler．

A． must replace B． must to be equipped

C． has to be repaired D． have to be renewed

61．Which of the following would cause a diesel to have black smoke?

A． too heavy oil B． water in the gas C． leaky injector D． water in the oil

62．Before replacing a piston you should check the rings to see that all clearances and gaps are within the permissible ___．

A． tolerance B． discrepancy C． error D． deflection

63．Wear in a cylinder liner is usually due to ___．

A． friction B． abrasion C． corrosion D． all of the above

64．The ___ of the gravity disc is too big． It cause oil to flow through the water outlet． We changed the disc and no oil is found in the water outlet．

A． gravity B． diameter C． circumference D． cylinder

65．Air that may enter a refrigeration plant tends to collect in the ___．

A． upper part of the receiver B． upper part of the condenser

C． down stream end of the cooling coil D． outlet end of the condenser

66．After fitting back in place the gear wheels, don't forget to ___ them．

A． fulfil B． eliminate C． grease D． bend

67．If a bilge pump failed to build up discharge pressure, you should check for ___．

A． excessive water in the bilges B． a clogged suction strainer

C． oil in the bilges D． all of the above

68．Prior to any overhaul work on electric equipment, it is important to ensure the circuits are ___ ．

A． live B． excited C． dead D． on line

69．The third engineer took the ___ and checked the tank table in the office and recorded all relevant data, as well as calculated the bunkering．

A． water level B． sump level

C． ballast tank level D． ship’s trim

70．Oil Record Book Part I shall be provided to ___．

A． every oil tanker B． every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above

C． A and B D． neither A nor B

71．Moisture in a D．C． motor would cause ___．

A． short circuit B． speed up C． slow down D． hunting

72．___ should not undertake any task which will interfere with the supervision duties relating to the main machinery and associated equipment．

A． the watch keeping personnel B． the chief engineer

C． the person on a bunker barge D． the duty deck officer

73．When under maneouvring conditions with the machinery being manually operated the control unit or console should be ___．

A． automatically controlled B． continuously manned

C． off power D． None of the above is true

74．According to the international regulations concerning the prevention of pollution of sea areas from ships, the disposal into the sea of all plastics is ___．

A．welcome B．admitted in some special sea areas C．prohibited D．acceptable

二．关联题（每组关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）

The usual coolant is fresh water, sea water is not used directly as a coolant because of its corrosive action． Lubricating oil is sometimes used for piston cooling since leaks into the crankcase would cause problems． In some type of engines, the pistons are also cooled with fresh water． But difficulties caused by the leakage of piston cooling water have resulted in the wide use of for piston cooling．
75． The oil is used for piston cooling because____ ．
  A． it is difficult to avoid the leakage of piston cooling water
  B． it is difficult to use fresh water for the piston cooling
  C． fresh water is used for piston cooling only in some type of engine
  D． difficulties have been caused by the leakage of piston cooling oil
76．  From this paragraph we can see that ____ ．
  A． the usual coolant for piston cooling is fresh water or lubricating oil
  B． the usual coolant for piston cooling is sea water or lubricating oil
  C． fresh water is wide used for piston cooling
  D． the usual coolant for piston cooling is fresh water or sea water
77． Sea water is never used directly as a coolant because of ____ ．
  A． corrosive action of sea water．    B． corrosive action of fresh water and sea water
  C．  leakage of lubricating oil      D． it is difficult to use sea water for the piston cooling
78． Which liquid is widely used as coolant of piston cooling？
  A． Sea water     B． Fresh water
  C． Lubricating oil    D． Oil or sea water

三．中译英（共2题，请将答案写在答题纸上）

79．各系统的温度与压力已保持在正常范围内，所有辅机均处于备航状态。

80．请将甲板上的排气口塞好，并将1号柴油柜剩余的油驳至2号柴油柜。

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